> ON WINDOWS 8
Whoa there, no need to shout! I have Windows 8 on my desktop and I use TeXstudio as my editor like /u/Frexxia mentioned in another comment. You also need a TeX distribution, and I use MikTeX.
I use it for all of my upper-division math homework, and I just finished my undergraduate thesis for physics using TeXstudio, so that should speak to its usability.
To install, just go to the MikTeX website I linked above and download the installer. They also recommend running an update once you've installed it. Then go to the TeXstudio website and download their editor.
If you plan on writing in LaTeX at all (which I highly recommend), my favorite LaTeX editor is TeXstudio (http://texstudio.sourceforge.net/) and I highly recommend JabRef for Bibtex editing (http://jabref.sourceforge.net/).
I'm a n00b, too. And I found TeXstudio (http://texstudio.sourceforge.net/) to be pretty user friendly. Has a built in sidebar with all of the math symbols, and meets the 2nd and 3rd items on your list. But for some reason, I found it necessary to also have MiKTeX installed for pdflatex to output my compositions as pdf's. Frankly I haven't found a latex editor that I would consider 'easy to install'.
I don't use TexStudio any more but in this cases I used to add my own CWL files to TexStudio. The docs will hopefully help with that: http://texstudio.sourceforge.net/manual/current/usermanual_en.html#CWLDESCRIPTION
I use TexStudio to write my documents. It's multi-platform, has good code completion and the built-in PDF preview is pretty accurate. I've had some problems with other PDF previewers where they didn't show lines properly but TexStudio seems perfect.
> And collaborative editing is aweful since you and your colleagues need the same editing environment
Generally everybody on the team had texlive-full, but ShareLaTeX is also nice as a google-docs like online LaTeX.
> And at the end of the day, you can't even see your equations without first rendering your document.
TeXstudio has a nice feature : when you hover your mouse over an equation, it renders it as a preview in a small floating info box. Saves time, especially with big 100-pages reports.
I am by no means an expert (I just started using LaTeX 4ish days ago!) But there are some good video tutorials on some basics on Youtube, although my best advice for learning nearly any program is to just download it and poke around in it for a few hours, then look up manuals and such to get a further grasp. I personally am using TeXstudio.
There is a subreddit over at /r/LaTeX which can be useful and I also find http://tex.stackexchange.com/ pretty nice too!
EDIT: btw, LaTeX takes a long time to download so you are forewarned (well it did for me anyway).
>Furthermore normal text can be completed by starting to type a word and pressing Ctrl+Space. All appropriate words in the current document are used as possible suggestions.
It just works to me. These are my settings.
Along with the recommendations already given I would add LaTeX for Complete Novices and LaTeX Wiki. Regarding the editor I personally find TeXstudio as one of the best.
LaTeX is my favourite way to create complex documents. It's quite versatile, got tons of packages to do just about anything, and has strong support communities for figuring out how to do things when you're stuck.
Some things I particularly like about LaTeX include its plain text format (plays very well with version control), many available editors (my favourite is TexStudio), and very fast and easy to use math support (there's a reason LaTeX is the defacto way to write math).
If you're interested in generating a regular format and sticking to it, you can greatly efficientize creating documents in that format with a compiled word processor. I use LaTeX (pronounced LAH-tech or LAY-tech) for most of my document creation when formatting and readability matters. I use TeXstudio as my environment.
I do everything in three programs. Excel for numerical and super-organized charts etc, LaTeX for pretty organization and handouts, and OneNote for on-the-fly notes or record keeping and to organize it all together.
I've never used TeX Live, which /u/vermiculus suggests, but my understanding of the main difference between TeX Live and MiKTeX is that TeX Live installs all LaTeX packages^* while MiKTeX only installs them when you need them (or if you tell it to install one).
If I were you, I would just install proTeXt. I think it's good for a first-time user. It's MiKTeX, but with other components you'll need, like an editor. Last I checked, proTeXt includes my favorite editor, TeXstudio.
I don't know how familiar you are with packages at this moment, but they essentially add features to LaTeX, like add-ons for other pieces of software, except that in LaTeX you need to use packages to do almost anything, like include figures in your paper. It's not a big deal, just something to know.
Echoing /u/FoolishChemist, LaTeX is the only way to do things. LaTeX masterrace! HOO-RAAH!
Download from the MiKTeX website.
TeXstudio is the best editor i've used. It's got a whole bunch of really cool features like autocompletion, macro support, customisable shortcut support, multiproject view, on the fly maths-text/equation/figure/reference/citation/diagram mouse-over viewing, and you can customise the quick compilation process to include the BibTeX compilation shennanigans.
Use XeLaTeX as a compiler rather than PDFLaTeX because it supports non-standard ASCII characters like accented letters in a fuss-less way, unlike PDFLaTeX (especially in your .bib file). It saves you a lot of pain.
You can download .bib files or copy-paste raw html citations directly from journals into a file which you save as [filename].bib, and at the end of your document include the bibliography command with the file name.
The learning curve is a bit steep. It's all about commands and shit, and looks alien at first, but the more advanced TeX editors include wizards to make that easy. And most editors have customisable shortcuts for them. Journals also have templates which you can download and use straight out of the box. Some require package installations, but the instructions can be found in the journal's website.
Obligatory plug for /r/latex. PM me if you want a template i modified from LaTeX Templates that i've used for my lab reports.
You can use some editor with live preview. It's a fuckton easier than using the text only.
Universal: http://www.writelatex.com
Windows: TeXStudio
OSX: The best I've found is Texpad, I'm pretty sure I'll buy the full version eventually.
Linux: TeXStudio might be available in your distribution's repo or you can download the standalone version.
Well if there isn't stable release on the official website, there isn't a stable release.
I would consider TeXstudio for this then, it is stable on Windows and also has real-time editing: check under View The Result on this page: http://texstudio.sourceforge.net/#features:
> Integrated PDF viewer with (almost) word-level syncing