I really like Welkin Suite - https://welkinsuite.com/ - tons of features, including DX support. It can also be used for Admin tasks (adding fields, changing FLS, etc) and is always being improved.
Also, just because your instructor likes or does not like a particular IDE, that does not mean that you will or will not like the same thing. That is why there are different options. Asking others for advice is a good start, but then test a few on you own to see what matches your 'style'.
I'd suggest looking at this article:
https://welkinsuite.com/blog/how-to-get-past-apex-cpu-limits/
If you're getting Apex CPU limits, you need to know what's counting against it. My guess is that you have PB/Flows that are using Apex invocable methods that are in fact hitting your limits. Without knowing exactly your setup, I would consider trying to rework those invocable methods into Flows. If that can't be done, rebuild the Apex methods to work more efficiently, like considering a change from realtime processing to bulk scheduled jobs.
I'd recommend The Welkin Suite - it's available for both Mac and Win and provide a lot of cool features :) For example you can look at one of the latest releases regarding the new Lightning editor and Previewer -https://welkinsuite.com/blog/lightning-previewer-and-pmd-apex-in-bloom-r1/ + some nice general info is available here - https://welkinsuite.com/why-the-welkin-suite/
If you have any questions - I'd be happy to answer them