Langmuirs Aqueous Environmental Geochemistry is a classic for natural water systems. Not sure how it applies to aquariums but it's a start https://www.amazon.com/Aqueous-Environmental-Geochemistry-Donald-Langmuir/dp/0023674121
With my laptops I usually end up swapping whatever hard drive it comes with for a SSD (depending if your laptop comes with SATA or PCIE) and using the preinstalled one as an external with this. But for me that's been on the long run, you can totally use something like this with no problems.
Obviously it all depends on your budget and the options you have available for purchase.
Try this:
https://www.amazon.com/Resources-Beginning-Twenty-First-International-Hydrology/dp/0521617227
It was a pretty interesting read for me, although just because I like comparing the relative water make-up of different areas.
Here's the book from my hydrology class and was a good starting point:
https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Hydrology-5th-Warren-Viessman/dp/067399337X
You can find the book at cheaper prices if you know where to look ;)
If you're not into the math, you can still get a lot out of reading the conceptual stuff. It can be useful to skim sections you are interested in, just don't fret about the equations n such. Maybe someone else can recommend a book that's more fun to read, I'd be interested in that too. I used to have a fun one about the status of the world's water, going over each continent. Forget what it was called though.
This is very much an engineering textbook, but I think has a very good explanation of the principles of open channel flow. It is pretty dense so I would not say that it may be the most accessible, but I found it to be great at explaining the major concepts.
I would recommend as a starting point "Principles of Water Resources" by Cech. It's a textbook but it's pretty readable and covers general history, water resources, and beginner hydrology concepts. Older editions are also pretty cheap on eBay if you want to own OR check your local library. Here's the Amazon link so you can look inside:
https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Water-Resources-Development-Management/dp/047148475X/ref=sr_1_4
As a follow up, here is what an 8-core laptop will do (look at quad and multi core performance): http://cpu.userbenchmark.com/Compare/AMD-Ryzen-7-1700-vs-Intel-Core-i5-5200U/3917vsm22169
https://www.amazon.com/Gaming-FreeSync-Display-Editing-GL702ZC/dp/B077GBJCNC
I strongly encourage you not to buy this kind of laptop because running a laptop for hard-core calculations will end in premature failure. They can't handle the heat they make. If you need to do 10 minutes of calculations then sure, get this Asus laptop but if you plan to let it run overnight then I doubt you'll get more than a few months out of a computer like this before it starts to act funny from hardware failures.
I'm studying internal seiching - which is a large standing wave that occurs on the interface between warm and cold water in a lake. These are waves act on the entire length of a lake at once, and can amplitudes of 10's of meters. They are often one of the biggest drivers of water movements within a lake. While people have been studying them for decades, and in general they're well understood, there's still work to be done once the shape of the lakes starts becoming more complex.
For books, I'd recommend "Limnology" by Wetzel as a starting off point. I've still only read the first 4 or 5 chapters because that's the only part that pertains to physical limnology. I should read the rest of the book so I have a better understanding of the biological/ecological aspects of these systems.
Another favorite book is 'damming the Colorado river' from Robert h. Webb. It's a history piece from like third expedition down the Colorado river where an engineer named Birdseye and a team of surveyors and photographers mapped reservoir locations. The best part is their journals and gear lists, transcribed word for word so you can see what kind of equipment they had, who hated who, and so on. Really fun read as you get into it and there's a lot of hydro involved
Edit: Got the title wrong. We should have a book thread though http://www.amazon.com/Damming-Grand-Canyon-Colorado-Expedition/dp/0874216605