Okay, before other people talk about the topic without having knowledge about it....
Sun Wuk'ung (Son Goku, Sun Wukong) is the protagonist of one of the four most important works of literature of China. Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and Dream of the Red Chamber.
He is the monkey king that studied to be a Buddhist monk, went to heaven, stole peaches and upset all the heavenly deities, He was hard to beat in combat and got punished by Buddha to be under a rock for 500 years.
Tripitaka Genjo Sanzou was reincarnated and he needed to do a foot pilgrimage from China to India to retrieve the sacred scrolls. He needed 4 bodyguards: A pig, a demon, a dragon, The monkey king as the leader of the guard. Amidst the journey, they meet many monsters, dragons, bandits, and many perils that they need to overcome.
At the end of the journey, the five members attained godhood and they became "A Buddha"
You can tell in these twisted tales that he is the Son Goku "After journey to the west"
By the way, his name in Japanese is "Shaka Son Goku" just like in ROR, they call him "Shaka"
If you are interested, there's a great edition of the Saiyuki (Journey to the west) by Anthony C. Yu, I read all of the novels:
For the person mentioning "translations", I left the Kanji of names intact because many of the Kanji names are puns of the original names, I made my own names based on those puns.
(Ura Momotaro, Cannibalzukin, Gurumada Shirayuki, Shaka Son Goku etc.)
The names we will use are more suited for western audiences.