This app was mentioned in 3 comments, with an average of 2.67 upvotes
There are apps for it. If you are on Android, I can recommend you the app simply called "ND Filter Calc". It also supports calculating exposure with stacked filters and having only a list of filters you have.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.litedev.ndfilter
Personally I would not use variable ND filter. In my opinion, they can't be as good as ND filters with a fixed value.
I set my camera to manual and note the shutter speed needed for a good exposure. Then I enter that into an app to see what shutter speed I need using my 8x or 1000x or both.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.litedev.ndfilter
> Can someone explain how to achieve the affect during a (sunny) day?
The first thing you need is a strong ND filter if you're going to do long exposures during the day. I use a 16-stop Firecrest filter and a 10 stop B+W filter.
One of the easiest ways to calculate the appropriate shutter speed is either to do some math, or use an App. I have a Droid and I use an App called NDFilter Calc (there are similar apps for iPhone users). The way it works is you meter the scene without the filter to get your normal exposure. You input your normal shutter speed into the App, select how many stop filter you're using, and it outputs the desired long exposure time. Then you put your filter on, and take the photo. When these filters are on your camera there's really no way to see what you're going to be taking a photo of because they look like welders glass; you can't see through them. You need to compose your shot before hand.
Here's a 180 second exposure during the day and here's a 151 second exposure during the day. Both of these used the 16 stop filter. Here's a 30 second exposure using the B+W filter during sunrise.