Normally it's a result of low water level causing overheating of the metal. Here's a good quick read on locomotive boiler explosions
If you're on android try relay
Play store link: Relay for reddit
The 1st and 3rd images are the same thing. A "horn" with multiple horns on one manifold. The 3rd image is completely normal placement for modern locomotives. These are 2 of the most common horns in North America, you can see the 2nd one looks fairly similar to your third image:
https://www.amazon.com/Nathan-Airchime-P5-Train-Horn/dp/B006RIELTA
https://www.amazon.com/HornBlasters-Nathan-AirChime-K5LA-American/dp/B001UOJ99I
The 2nd image isn't even a horn, it's a siren. "horn tree" is a term you completely made up, I invite you to Google it.