Most of us are still running 1.1.9.28, I'd guess.
The what-is-what diagram can be found, in a bit roundabout way, at the end of the Sailfish OS website about page.
I may be wrong, but I understand that one of the proposed business models would be to customize the UI/UX for potential partners, that this is why they keep the "product" closed source - Silica is very closely tied to the UX components. I am not aware what kind of licensing deals and/or subcontractor deals Jolla has made with other companies, with the notable exception of licensing Alien Dalvik.
On late May, the chair was quoted saying to TechCrunch that they have a timeline on open sourcing all the parts possible; not sure if we've heard about that since.
A proprietary and centralized chat service for a (still) partially proprietary OS, seems fitting. Seriously though, please look into using Matrix instead: FOSS, federated, and optionally encrypted.
The Sailfish OS site about page has a diagram under "OS architecture" to show what's free and what's not.
So, UI (Silica) components and most UI and apps is closed-source. I am not convinced that Turing was actually capable of delivering anything of the promises, though apparently some people might have gotten a functional phone, probably with minimally-modified software.
From a privacy advocate's point of view, the most scary software would be the ones running on the signal processing systems and radios, and unless you're building your own radios from the scratch, I don't think open source versions of those do even exist. It is possible to run something tracking you there, and the phone OS won't even know about it.
Also, the Russian effort is for government phones, I think. In that field, the gov't already has the data. It's like being worried that NSA could get code on BlackBerry phones because Obama used to use a "secure" BlackBerry. (I think the new Smartphone One is from Boeing, I don't think they sell for the general public.)
You might want to have a look at the HADK https://sailfishos.org/develop/hadk/ and possibly visit the #sailfishos-porters channel on Freenode IRC.
Basically everything is open source, except:
There are some more detailed listings if you're interested.
You're probably looking for the BusyIndicator. You could, for example, have it visible while the Loader is in its "Loading" state (although this will only take as long as it takes for the page itself to load, if you're actually wanting it to display while loading data from the web or something you'd need to make it dependent on that).
Glad I'm not alone with this. At least Jolla knows. It's said to have albums implemented in Q3 2015. I'm just surprised this wasn't done right away. ._.
I would love focus on a Matrix client instead...
Also they talked about Sailorgram as the go-to Telegram client. While it's fine I guess, it lacks support for supergroups and the notification daemon only works 10% of the time. I have to open the app to see if I got new messages which is quite annoying.
You need the Xperia X single sim
I used NordVPN's 3 day free trial to buy the image from Jolla and followed their flashing instructions. It sounds complicated but takes about 20minutes total not including the download time