Blue Thunder is out of touch with current events related to folding. It is no longer being run out of Stanford, and one of Dr Pande's former associates is the current director. See this announcement and others from their News page - https://foldingathome.org/2019/02/11/foldinghomes-new-director-prof-gregory-bowman/. The move off Stanford servers was last year.
I can help you with your second question:
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> Folding refers to the way human protein folds in the cells that make up your body. We rely on the proteins to keep us healthy and they assemble themselves by folding. But when they misfold, there can be serious consequences to a person’s health.
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I learned a thing!
Here is the detail on large work units.
https://foldingathome.org/faqs/smp/determine-points-platform/bigadv-work-units/
You should probably install current / latest drivers available for that card. If you use FAHControl, you should see your card and whether it's used for folding (or configure it to do so)
If you are using a username, you can check your progress on folding.extremeoverclocking.com; search for your username on the left. And make sure to fold for the Reddit team (#50959) of course :-)
You won't receive QRB without a passkey. Once you get a passkey you still need to complete 10 WUs before the early return bonus begins to be applied.
1 - Depends on utility costs where you are. I live in an area with moderately high electricity charges and fold on 3 Mac's. That adds about $25-30 a month to my bill.
2 - Much of the funding for F@h is from grants such as from NSF and NIH. Those grants require that the papers be publicly available after an embargo period of at most one year after being published in a journal. Even then most people can get access through a public or univeristy library. They have a page on their site about papers - https://foldingathome.org/papers-results/
I can not name any specific organizations besides Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center which has a research group that is part of the F@h Consortium. See this page - https://foldingathome.org/about/the-foldinghome-consortium/. They have servers behind MSKCC's firewall that provide and accept WU returns.
Also see the FAQ entry on security issues that is on this page - https://foldingathome.org/support/faq/miscellaneous/.
What do you mean by opt in? By default I believe it only does work while you're not using your computer, but you can change it so it runs all the time.
If you want some more programs like folding@home you can install BOINC, it's like folding@home, but there are many different projects focused on different things.