The green button in OSX continues to baffle me. It seems to do whatever the fuck it feels like.
Fortunately, moom made it all good.
Edit: Geez, I should be getting kickbacks for this!
Some paid software I use:
I use Moom (http://manytricks.com/moom/) primarily for ad hoc window sizing and arrangement, but it has a feature to let you create preset arrangements like you're looking to do. Check it out. It has a lot of features and customization options.
Moom by Many Tricks (http://manytricks.com/moom/) may be the answer. It has many window management features, including the ability to save window layouts for multiple apps. I've not tried the scenario you've described, but there's a good chance it will help. They have a free trial available to help you out.
If you were/are a fan of Windows snapping feature, and are not found of Apple's windows size handling then check out Moom. It allows you to use a hotkey to auto-adjust windows sizes, build snapshots for disconnecting and reconnecting a monitor, custom window resizing dimensions built-into the "green button" in Finder. Just if you buy it, don't do it through the Mac App Store.
Also you really should check out Alfred.app after you get settled with OSX. I absolutely cannot live without this tool and it really is above anything else on other platforms (I have tried Launchy and GnomeDo). The custom workflows people make are just really solid.
Try Moom , you can use it with both your mouse and hotkeys and I click and send windows of different sizes to my other display with no problems. I never configured hotkeys as I have so many happening already and clicking was easy enough for me...though they do support hotkeys so this should work for you.
Just found Moom from Many Tricks the other day. For me, Moom is much better than anything I tried before. $5 in Mac App Store.
Yeah, apps like Moom and other screen-snapping tools can be useful for previewing websites at specific aspect ratios and resolutions. With Moom specifically, you can save presets that will resize your browser window via hotkeys.
I am a big fan of Moom. It is paid and is 10-12 dollars depending on where you live. There are free versions but it's stable and has a variety of different methods of handling windows.
I've just given up with full-screen mode and use Moom and TotalSpaces to "maximize" everything on its own desktop.
However, you can edit individual app's info.plist to remove the menubar and dock in full-screen mode.
> I am still a bit puzzled by the dock, though it's very similar to the Windows 7 taskbar.
Some would say the W7 taskbar is very similar to the dock. :)
> And I don't get the menu bar at the top of the screen for some reason. I am just used to the menu bar being integrated into the app window.
The menu bar is for the application, not the individual window, and an application can be running without any open windows.
> And why are there three buttons on the top left corner of each window, when the red button seems to serve the same purpose as the yellow one? Although I have found that iPhoto actually closes when you click the red button, but most apps just minimize to the dock..
Red is "close window", which also functions as "close app" for single-window apps. Yellow is "minimize window". It minimizes the window into the dock.
Green is "zoom", which mainly serves the purpose of enraging people used to having a maximize button. In theory, it fits the window to the content. In practice, there are a wide variety of third party apps available to override its behavior to something you might prefer. I like Moom, which also adds Aero Snap-like functionality.
I hope you enjoy your Mac!
I use Moom. http://manytricks.com/moom/ Sure, it is not free today. But it is more flexible. It allows you to define the fraction of the screen, it is not just limited to half and half. It is more intuitive to access, because you just hover over the green maximum button on a window. You can also save and restore complex layouts.
I'm not running Yosemite yet, but I know this is going to throw me off. I use double-click-to-minimize by muscle memory.
I think it's a logical change though. They're changing the green button to do what most new users thought it did already.
I'll just go on resizing my windows using Moom thank you very much.
If you have a mac, you need Moom. Macs suck at re-sizing windows, and this tool more than makes up for it. You can snap windows to the edges of your screen just like Windows 7, or drag on a grid to re-size everything exactly how you want it. Key bindings too. Costs $10 but it's totally worth it in my opinion. Plus if you buy it in the Mac app store you can install it on any mac as long as you download it with your apple account.
Personally, I use Moom over BetterSnapTool. Moom displays an overlay when you hover over the green button, giving you lots of options like snap to half, snap to quarter, or snap to custom shape/sizes.
On the note about filling up the left and right 50% with different windows on mac, it's not quite as easy, but there is an application called Moom which makes it pretty simple.