This app was mentioned in 8 comments, with an average of 3.88 upvotes
I'd suggest IDOS https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cz.mafra.jizdnirady&hl=en it's available in english. I live in Prague so I use mostly Google Maps, but it doesn't have train information so it isn't good for inter-city transport.
I ran iDOS and PubTran side by side for about a year. iDOS was faster, more accurate, more featureful and just better all round. PubTran looked better but actually gave me bad results once or twice, which is unacceptable. Sorry I can't be more detailed but this was maybe three years ago and all I can remember was that there was one incident where PubTran really pissed me off. Of course, it may have improved considerably since then...
No worries. I've thought of a few other things that might help:
Download the IDOS app. It lets you enter any two places in Prague and gives a detailed rundown of how to get from one to the other using whichever combination of bus/tram/metro is fastest. Extra useful if (like me) you can never remember which number of bus/tram goes where. Mapy.cz is another good app, you can download a map of Prague so if you're ever offline you still know where you are.
Ask if there are corporate perks associated with your job. Certain banks/phone carriers/services might have a deal with your employer to give you a cheaper rate on various products. You can get a "premium" bank account which usually costs 150CZK/month for free, stuff like that.
For plates/clothes horses/cutlery/bedding/kettle/oven gloves, etc., there is a big IKEA at both the Zlicin and Cerny Most ends of the metro yellow line. There's also a big Tesco department store at Narodni Trida in the city centre, which is where I went. As an aside, all of the useful stuff I just mentioned is on the top floor at Tesco, and it's not immediately obvious how to get there: the main escalators only go to the third floor (kids' stuff and toys) and the escalator to the fourth floor is elsewhere on this floor, away from the main escalators. I have no idea why, and - unlike the rest of the store, which is easy to navigate - it's not well-signposted either. I spent far too long looking at Paw Patrol backpacks trying to figure out where all the bedding was. Not fun.
Also, as u/iLoveLights said, don't sell yourself short. I'm able to live quite comfortably on ~44k/month (~33k after tax), but if you can make more, go for it!
I'll see if I can think of anything else which might be useful, but I don't think I've missed anything big.
All you need is idos https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cz.mafra.jizdnirady
It's fine to look at a map to figure out where you are/where you're going, but make sure you're out of the way when you do it - not in doorways or in the middle of a very busy pedestrian intersection or something like that. If you need to ask for directions or anything else in English, younger people (~35 or younger) are almost always a better bet than older people.
It's considered polite to at least ask if a person speaks English ("Mluvíte anglicky?") instead of just speaking English and assuming they'll be able to keep up. Page 186 of the expats.cz survival guide has a good rundown of basic Czech and a guide to pronunciation. Honestly, you can basically get by with "good day/hello", "goodbye", "I don't speak Czech", "do you speak English?", "please", "thank you" and "pardon" ("pardon" isn't listed on that link I gave you, but just say "pardon" with an emphasised "on" at the end instead of the usual "un" instead of "sorry" and it'll work).
The transport passes are an excellent and cheap way to get around the city (if you do this, download the idos app, it's amazing), but, as a commuter, I can't stress this one enough: if you're on the escalators in the metro, either walk on the left or stand on the right. I would also recommend never sitting down on public transport: I'm assuming you're young and, as such, you're expected to give up your seat to any elderly people who get on the bus/tram/train with you. It's generally easier to just not bother with sitting down in the first place.
That's everything I can think of at the moment. Beyond that, drink plenty of beer (especially the brands you can't try back at home), try some Czech food, and have a good time!
Ticket is valid not only for trams, bus and metro, but also for trains, Petřín funicular or ferries if you are feeling fancy.
Use the IDOS app to look up connections.
Also, definitely use public transport.
Because of the huge number of diversions in the tram and bus network this summer, the trams you're looking for are actually "1" or "x14".
For looking up connections (both for intercity and all city transport networks), I'd suggest using IDOS (English version in the bottom right corner), which will also tell you fare prices. In my experience it gives better results than Google Maps but it doesn't have a map so you have to know the name of the stop or street (they also have a mobile app which will find nearest stops to your location).
Edit: Seems like Google Maps actually ignores the current diversions(!), so I'd highly suggest using IDOS which always has them set up in the system.
Most reliable is of course using this.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cz.mafra.jizdnirady