The issue here is specific to golf balls and vacuum. The shape of a sphere creates a vacuum directly behind it which pulls backwards (drag) on the ball. The dimples induce turbulence which fills this void quickly thus reducing but not eliminating that drag. In the case of a bullet a "boat tail" is added to the end of the bullet which allows the streamlines to converge behind the bullet. If you look at high velocity performance rounds you will see this principle applied universally. Dimples would actually cause the rounds to tumble.
Source: Mechanical Engineer
Edit: In the case of submarines and boats some of the same principles apply but you have the added complication of the propeller/s being at the back. Ideally the input stream for a propeller is as laminar as possible. The shape is designed to allow the vessel to slip through the water instead of plowing through it like a golf ball through air. Also in water turbulence and cavitation make noise which can get you killed in a naval scenario. Cavitation is different but related. I can expand if you want.
Edit 2: Here's a good quick overview of what reducing turbulence in fluid flow looks like. These suits broke so many records at the Beijing Olympics that they are no longer allowed.
I can personally recommend ANSYS for 3D airflow analysis. It's pretty straightforward to learn (perhaps a bit more complex than Solidworks Simulation) and will give you some pretty cool results.
Use the ANSYS student version. Click agree at the bottom of the page and follow the instructions for install. You get a 6 month license for free.
That sounds plausible. Clean, high pressure air entering the duct means dense air at the radiator, increased heat exchange, and lower temperatures[1].
Since you have a PhD in physics, you should look at Ansys, inc.. I interned for them a few summers ago and found it to be a good place. In short, they do computational fluid dynamics. They're always looking for physicists to hire. Give them a shot.
Plus, they have a large office in the Upper Valley of NH, which means you get a great living spot right next to Dartmouth College.
I'm not civil, but Ansys can do dis. You can do FEA in a 2D. Download Ansys Student 18.2 and run Mechanical APDL.
Again, sorry I'm not civil. I understand that their industry employs a different standard software for stress analysis
Not based on deep learning, but some places are starting to look into topology optimization. It's basically iterative FEA that changes the shape of the final product. But at this point it's sort of niche and best used with 3D printers.
A fairly clear superset of those two is Mecway http://mecway.com with CalculiX. Mecway is quite easy to use, and has its own solver. It can also be used as a front-end for the free CalculiX solver.
Another option is ANSYS Student http://www.ansys.com/Products/Academic/ANSYS-Student which has a very liberal definition of student:
"... used solely by you for personal educational purposes; [...] non-proprietary work; [...] may not be used for [...] any commercial activity, including consulting; ..."
Since the OP is only going to use it for learning, rather than productive work, then it should be OK.
>The big reason for physical testing is to be sure that reality matches your simulations.
>…When you try it, does the result match what your simulation calculated? To find out, you need to do the test.
Well, you need to do a test. Fortunately you don't actually need to test the failure itself (destroying a capsule in the process).
SpaceX does many runs of simulated emergencies on the lab brench, and then uses non-destructive real-world tests (Grasshopper, engine test firings, static fires, etc) to validate the accuracy of the simulation.
This is the software SpaceX uses: http://www.ansys.com/
You can do a simple version of this with ANSYS [warning, PDF]. Simply put, you don't need to iteratively solve for flutter condition - you merely need to check what the aerodynamic damping will be for each angle of attack of the wing. Modal analysis --> results into CFX.
Several of the champions use, and have used for years, Fluent.
http://www.ansys.com/Campaigns/Red+Bull
Red Bull Racing Formula 1 / F1 and ANSYS Engineer…: http://youtu.be/ymjSNaqZLps
3D CFD simulation Ferrari F150th: http://youtu.be/3NRrqpOFuXI
I used to build with the stock aero model, then I moved on to FAR (along with the rest of RO). I would never play the stock game again, and if you haven't tried at least just FAR, I would recommend it to you with the highest possible degree of enthusiasm.
Then, after you realise that even that isn't realistic enough, you can move on to the next step.
GoEngineer, if I were to target the power generation industry, like gas turbines, steam turbines or turbine blade design and manufacturing, from that ANSYS training list would you still recommend that same course - basic structural nonlinearities? I am targeting the power generation industry, I thought I would like to know your thoughts.
Here is the ANSYS Training link - http://www.ansys.com/Services/training-center/structures
Why haven't the Linux version of ANSYS worked for you? Are there any differences?
The keyword you are looking for is truss elements. Any of the major finite element packages will include this capability. You can download the free version of ANSYS here. Since trusses are the simplest possible element type you'll also find very simple scripts written in languages like MATLAB or Python online in course material. It's often taught as an introduction to the finite element method. You can use those if you rather skip on the huge download of ANSYS and the learning curve involved with such a general purpose tool.
You're better off learning viscous aerodynamics as that will cover a lot of the basic topics, especially if you want to learn more about F1 racing. There are two primary ways of testing aerodynamics with wind tunnels and CFD, but with racing wind tunnels are heavily favored from my understanding. CFD is then used to verify the results and help tweak the aerodynamic design of the vehicle.
I am guessing that you are undergrad? I would assume that an undergrad CFD class would just cover really basic fluids theory and would be more of a class that shows how to use basic CFD software. The biggest limitation with CFD is limitation in the background theory that you understand.
I would recommend taking as much fluid classes as you can to learn the theory then learn how to use a commercial software in your free time.
I would suggest picking up ANSYS Student license. Then finding online tutorials or MooC to support that learning. Cornell has several tutorials for ANSYS fluent.
http://www.ansys.com/staticassets/ANSYS/staticassets/resourcelibrary/article/AA-V2-I3-Random-Vibration-Fatigue.pdf
Give this article a read. This procedure is an industry standard.
Let me know if you have specific questions, I'd be happy to walk you through the procedure. Also, I saw you posted about the rainflow algorithm. As another poster said, that doesn't account for natural frequencies, it also assumes sinusoidal vibration. So that is the big question, are you interested in sinusoidal vibration or random vibration?
Good luck!
I recently bought an Omen 15, but it's last year's, w/i7 10th + nvidia 2070 maxq. It's a fine machine, solidly/heavily built. My use case is high end engineering simulation, and it fits that bill perfectly.
A large number of hugely-configured machines ensconced in the data center, ranging from 256 to 1024 GB memory, 16 to 64 cores (Xeon E5, E7, Platinum), 1 to 4 nvidia devices (Quadro, Tesla). That's just in my business unit. I know there are more, of whose details I'm personally unaware, in other business units.
Access to these beasts is via VNC, or simply ssh (that is, vglconnect), using vglrun to put the GPUs' power to use, displayed on remote workstations.
We do high end engineering simulation software. I prefer VirtualGL greatly over alternatives like NICE DCV or Exceed. Such a great concept, so well executed.
Because, aside from your "this should have been studied" points being, well, pointless, you’re assuming that Formula 1 teams, of all organizations, wouldn’t think of anything to test other than "putting a driver in a car for 1 lap".
The whole sport is known for their high-end engineering, building-testing-improving cycles, and their out-of-the-box thinking. If you seriously think that all they did with the halo was put a driver in a car and ask him how it felt once he got out you need to read up on Formula 1’s technical side (and history) more.
I mean, you should read up on that, anyway, since it’s interesting. But if you do, you’ll get a better understanding of 1) why most conspiracy theories surrounding F1 tech are idiotic, and 2) just how much thought and effort goes into Formula 1 cars.
There’s tons of software that can be used to calculate those things, it’s the same group of software that CFD falls into; http://www.ansys.com/products/structures and http://www.ansys.com/products/structures/impact and https://www.3ds.com/products-services/simulia/ and many more all can help answer those questions — and you can bet the first thing the teams did when they got the specifications for the halo/shield/etc was to run a model through those.
Ok, I would suggest a E5 26xx series Xeon then. You would most benefit from an ANSYS certified GPU which are AMD Fire pros or nVidia Quadros as they'll have drivers necessary to accelerate the processes that goes into running simulations. If your dad, likes to render overnight, then it might not be 100% necessary, but real time and being able to run the sims and do other work takes a 2600 series Xeon. CPU clock really doesn't make much of a difference in these applications when there is so much memory involved. Also I would invest in a PCIe SSD for the swap file. The 1.2 GByte bandwidth will improve your swap tremendously.
What critical files are missing, exactly? What are .apdl files? As best I can find, these appear to be computer animation files from ANSYS: http://www.ansys.com/Products/Simulation+Technology/Structural+Analysis/ANSYS+Mechanical
Admittedly, I do not have the software or knowledge to verify or assess this.
You can parameterise inputs. Basically set input velocity as a parameterised input, drag a response surface block into your model in workbench and select whats required. That's the easiest option.
http://www.ansys.com/Products/Workflow+Technology/ANSYS+Workbench+Platform/ANSYS+DesignXplorer
> So where's the software?
http://www.ls-dynadistributors.com/
http://www.ansys.com/About+ANSYS/ContactsLocations
> I am pretty 100% sure you didn't even look at the model.
I had a look at the files out of curiosity but I don't have $50k to spend on that software, nor do I have the training as am I not a structural or mechanical engineer.
> You send me that site which you don't even have the software for and expect me to have it?
You were asking for the model. The model is there. We just don't have the software, because we're not structural engineers. Doesn't mean the data is hidden or not there.
> [... ...]
So does your wall of text imply that you are agreeing with my points, i.e. the availability of the WTC7 model, and the freefall thing?
I've got in contact with one of the Autodesk guys here in Australia and according to him Autodesk do not offer any acoustic simulation at all currently.
He's getting back to me on Monday with options.
I did some more research and it seems that the most popular and well developed options are either from ANSYS and another from a Japanese company called WAON.
I found this presentation from 2006 in regards to the differences between the two (potentially outdated):
http://www.ansys.com/staticassets/ANSYS/staticassets/awc/cadfem-acoustic.pdf
And, this more up to date (Dec 2014) video in regards to the ANSYS solution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6WoDZU1RxA
Apparently my old University has ANSYS licenses, so I'm just going to drop in there and see if I can play around with it.
Perhaps I'll post an update when I finally get around to it!
dont get that videocard (this is late but was just browsing things with ansys), you are better getting a workstation gpu for the same price dude, it would outperform it and make it not lag when having a cad file with a large build inside of it. also here is a list of ansys recommended gpus
http://www.ansys.com/staticassets/ANSYS/staticassets/support/r150-graphics-card-support.pdf
*example build i am going to make (its in canadian)
http://ca.pcpartpicker.com/p/zxKkRB
*if you have a big enough budget go with the w5100 but i am still a student so i dont need to go overboard (ansys will lag though but meh).
**also just realised your build is complete and it doesnt lag when running ansys and autocad (if you use it)?
The fundamental principle here is that multiple designs are being evaluated by turning on and off the density and stiffness of elements. The optimization algorithm is minimizing weight (via element density), while having an inequality constraint on a parameter you define like displacement or stress. I don't know what you were using as a constraint but with a linear model displacement is proportional to load, so an ideal shape could look the same for two loads if your constraint is limiting weight to at least some value. I think ansys will spit out a summary of which constraints are active at the optimal solution in the output, that would be the place to start. As for your question about exporting the shapes, you can output the nodes and locations of active elements, but i haven't tried creating a manifold or solid around the shape. When I use it, it was for general input on shape versus a very specific design, because our constraints weren't very tight. It looks like they do some of that here
You need to run a modal analysis, then you run a random vibration with those results. You probably want to copy your ansys db so you dont mess up your results. Your results are statistical, so keep that in mind. You probably want to report your 3 sigma results to be conservative... So you would find your max displacement in your model after you run the analysis, and then you will find your stress response vs. frequency. If that's too confusing, you will probably want to read up on it on the internet... try this: http://www.ansys.com/staticassets/ANSYS/staticassets/resourcelibrary/article/AA-V2-I3-Random-Vibration-Fatigue.pdf
http://ansys.net/ansys/tips/week23-random_vibrations_tow.pdf
and try searching 'psd' at ansys.net Or read some posts at xansys.org
Yeah it is fine (below 0.9). If you would like to know more about Meshing app, ANSYS is providing tutorials for it. You can find them on ANSYS customer portal, which is for customers with paid support. Moreover be sure that you do some sort of grid indepence study.