What you want to do is simple with regular expressions. Unfortunately you can't use regular expressions in Spotlight or Finder's search.
You can use them on the command line, and you can use them in some third party apps. I found EasyFind, from the authors of DevonThink, which supports regular expressions.
[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-0[1|2|3|4]-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]-{2}
should accomplish what you show in your example.
Breaking it down a little:
[0-9]
matches any digit from 0 to 9. [0-9]{4}
matches exactly four such digits.-
outside of a range like [0-9]
matches a literal '-'0[1|2|3|4]
matches a single '0' followed by 1 or 2 or 3 or 4.The documentation for EasyFind has some more details. You can also find a lot of regular expression tutorials on the web, though be aware there are multiple variations on the syntax. The core of it though is pretty much the same, and should be enough for what you want to do.
It would be extremely bizarre that Premiere would overwrite your autosaves. What probably happened is whatever your auto save settings are in Premiere Preferences—number of autosaves to keep —reached its max on the sub project and deleted the main project autosaves as per the preference. I think you have two options. One, stop writing to that drive immediately and do a file recovery for the main project autosaves. Two, download EasyFind (https://www.devontechnologies.com/apps/freeware) and do a search on your entire drive for your root project name (as opposed to the autosaves name—the root project name is part of the autosave name). Not to be a jerk, but never ever name 2 or more projects with the same name. Add some sort of name variation to distinguish the two, and set your autosave preference to the largest number you think you can afford for autosaves. I’m really sorry this happened to you; I completely understand how you feel.
Note for OSX users, ThumbsUp is free and awesome. It can convert any image, resize and even sharpen the output: https://www.devontechnologies.com/apps/freeware
I use EasyFind by Devon Technologies. Your volume probably can't be spotlight indexed (could be NTFS or who knows, lotta things could be it there)