Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang is the standard intro text-book on the subject. It's how I got into the field and have taught classes using it as well. Highly recommended.
Don't think jumping directly into a programming language for quantum computing is the best idea. To me it seems like trying to understand addition and multiplication by learning Java. I would tell you to spend time at a university to learn the things required, but it doesn't sound like that's an option.
I think your best bet for a shortcut is to pick up Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang and start reading. It's the standard intro textbook for the field. Whenever you read something you don't understand, you find some resources that explains the concept to you. You can always come back here and ask if you're stuck on something.
https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computing-Approach-Jack-Hidary/dp/3030239217 This book does do a pretty deep dive into the hardware side in a few different chapters. It's by one of the heads of the Google QC lab. But it definitely is not all hardware/the majority of it focuses on algorithms and mainstream QC content.
You're looking at an editable quantum circuit.
Also, because it's on jsfiddle, there's a bunch of javascript editing stuff surrounding the thing. If you want to see just the editor, go here.
Drag gates from the toolbox onto the wires to manipulate the initially-0000 state. You can see a description of each gate by hovering over it in the toolbox.
The bottom right grid shows the complex amplitude for each of the 16 classical states. You can see a similar visualization of the intermediate states, and of the complex matrix equivalent to the operation of an entire column, by hovering over parts of the circuit.
The right-hand side shows the probabilities you'd measure on each wire. You can use the Peek gate to see probabilities at other points, including conditional probabilities.
Pure math textbook written proof style for physicists.
Here's the name of a more up to date textbook than Mike and Ike (lot has happened since then but Mike and Ike is still a wonderful book! )
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Principles-Quantum-Computation-Information-Rossini/dp/9813237228
You may try this book. You should be able to download it for free if your institution has a subscription to SpringerLink
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-98339-0
You don't need Part I as you have a strong background in Math and QM. In Part II, it goes through step by step to discuss the common algorithms with numerical substitutions followed by IBM hardware examples (using Qiskit). There is a preview on Amazon. You can finish Part II in 20 hours or less as you might have a strong background.
https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Quantum-Computing-Layperson-Programmer/dp/3030983382
Quantum Computing Since Democritus is good.
As mentioned I would definitely start with classical computing though. There are loads of courses online for algorithms and data structures so suggest it’s better for you to Google search and try out a few courses. Here’s a book though that might help: Once Upon an Algorithm
Page 10. They calculate 30,000 routes per minute. There are 55,000 drivers. That’s about 2 minutes.
Umm. No unless this is a really recent law, in which case you can fit whatever data you want to it. Here's a calculator I made that deals with all of this exponential/doubly-exponenential stuff:
If you're interested, I put together a post a while back ago summarizing some of the skills that I've seen really help people out in quantum computing: https://dev.to/cgranade/some-useful-skills-for-quantum-computing-2hn2
To democratize Quantum Computing and in particular dev tooling, more and more IDEs should support Q#.... Hoping the community can rally around this notion and upvote the original thread.
Jetbrains thinks Q# is too niche and won't bother to support an official language. Microsoft QDK has millions of downloads!
See the stats yourself and decide what the future of Quantum Software Tooling should be in the world.
https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.Quantum.Development.Kit/
It's a little more that beginner, but if you already have a little programming background, Programming Quantum Computers is an excellent introduction.
btw if you want mathy-proof quantum computing, try this.
It is THE book uses by mathematician/theoretical computer scientists.
In terms of books, Nielsen and Chuang is a good basis to start with. If you want to gain some intuition, you could try BLACK OPAL
This one is not from schaum but it's a problem book, I haven't checked it completely but there are some nice problems on the first chapter https://www.amazon.com.mx/Problems-Solutions-Quantum-Computing-Information/dp/9813238402
Like if you treat it as a black box? Hmmm I think this book (https://www.amazon.ca/Introduction-Quantum-Computing-Phillip-Kaye/dp/019857049X) might get into it, though it has been a while since I read it.
I haven't entirely read this book, but I remember that it explains Grover's algorithm well. It might be what you are looking for because it states that it's target audience is undergraduate computer science students.
Nielsen and Chuang is the standard reference, as mentioned by others. I think that the book of Kitaev, Shen, and Vyalyi is a better introduction from a computer science point of view. https://www.amazon.com/Classical-Quantum-Computation-Graduate-Mathematics/dp/0821832298
If you want some lectures to watch, I recommend the EdX course on quantum cryptography by Thomas Vidick and Stephanie Wehner https://www.edx.org/course/quantum-cryptography-caltechx-delftx-qucryptox-0.
I recommend Leonard Susskind's Quantum Mechanics: the Theoretical Minimum. It's a serious, non-dumbed-down lectures for interested layperson. After that, it depends on what you would like to know about quantum computing (algorithms? implementations? error correction? foundations?) and on what level.
As "popsci" as it may seem, A Shortcut Through Time is pretty good.
Depending on your background, I found Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists to be very helpful.