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According to one author, 1425 words will provide you with a vocabulary to understanding 95% of the vocabulary within common texts. That seems great until you realize that you wouldn't be able to understand 1 out of 20 words.

He has written a book containing those words.

Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata and Wheelock's Latin are the go to books for learning.

Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata is completely in Latin and makes you learn by reading.

Wheelock's is learning by studying grammar.

What I recommend is looking up "Learn Latin" on Youtube to study the basics of pronunciation and learning what you can from there. If you enjoy it, buy one of those books to dive deeper into the subject.

Theodora and her daughters had the title of senatrix in the 9th-10th centuries.

https://books.google.com/books?id=0DPzpiQqiFsC&lpg=PA153&ots=Z5mwj2sU_6&dq=theodora%20senatrix&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q=theodora%20senatrix&f=false

Details here (UK Amazon). I'd not heard of the Alix series (Belgian, from the Tintin stable of artists), perhaps that is why these are less well known than the Asterix translations. The stories are a bit more mature (teenager onwards) by the look of them.

https://www.amazon.com/Diary-Wimpy-Kid-Latin-Commentarii/dp/1419719475

We bought it off amazon for her after finding a post about it on the subreddit.

Some googling found this.

I think it's probably misattributed as being by Seneca.

One of the reasons it doesn't feel authentic is that the ancient Roman perception of "religion" did not carry quite the same baggage that our modern English word does (especially being more or less synonymous with "faith," in many Judeo-Christian contexts, which the true-or-false dichotomy in this quote seems to imply, and which will have to be circumvented in my translation).

Still, if it were originally Latin, it might look something like this:

Pietas plebi sincera, sapientibus mendax, regibusque utilis esse videtur.

Holy crap, why is the paperback version going for $1000 on amazon?

https://www.amazon.com/English-Roots-Up-Vol-T-dp-B000MCJDFE/dp/B000MCJDFE/ref=mt_other

What you are trying to do is something along the lines of:

Philippe, gratias (tibi) agimus nam diem festum nobiscum agis hodie.

"Philipp, we thank (you) for you celebrate today with us."

Starting with the basics:

"today" is a temporal adverb. Why would it have a noun ending? (there are a few adverbs that end in -us but they all mean "from <some place>"). hodie not "hodius".
That being said the adjective (hodiernus, not "hodius") would be much nicer imo: nam hodiernum diem festum nobiscum agis ("because/for you celebrate today's celebration with us").
The preposition cum commands the ablative, nos is nominative or accusative. Also cum nobis sounds dirty (it's spoken cunnobis - you certainly know the word cunnus from its English derivatives), therefore always the form nobiscum.

To the intermediate:

"to thank" is gratias agere (if done by words), gratias referre (if accompanied by deeds) and gratiam habere (if solely in mind). A verb "gratiare" does not exist in Latin.

To the more interesting:

celebrare is something only a multitude of people can do. Unless you are Emperor chances are your birthday won't be "celebrated" in Latin (instead: diem festum/natalem agere, see also: Krebs (German)).

That's a nice place because it highlights the contrast between pedestrian fungi and boleti fit to poison emperors or have a splendid boletatio with.

> Mortem times: at quomodo illam media boletatione contemnis!/? Vivere vis: scis enim? Mori times: quid porro? ista vita non mors est?

(Epist. mor. 77)

Editors seem split between exclamation mark and question mark after contemnis. I prefer the idea of engaging in a boletatio as an act of defying (the very possibly resulting) death 😉 - people always underestimate how funny Seneca can be, they seem to think the apocolocynthosis was some kind of fluke.
(Also a question mark would only confuse the parallelism between Vivere vis: scis enim? and Mori times: quid porro? by adding an element that duplicates mori times while not adhering to the structure of "<infinitive> <finite verb>: <two word question>?")

Here's a nice paper on fungi and boleti.

https://youtu.be/2PZ18Wjqt1w This channel also has some of Seneca's epistulae Morales.

Also, this guy on Librivox has some patristic stuff that's very good. https://librivox.org/reader/7860?primary_key=7860&amp;search_category=reader&amp;search_page=1&amp;search_form=get_results

These have actually caused me to start moving towards ecclesiastic after years of restored and no connection to popery. So much more sonorous than an American restored.

There have been several editions of Scotus's works. The critical edition edited by the Scotistic Commission and published under the auspices of the Vatican since 1950 is the best opera omnia.

See also the collection of philosophical writings from the Franciscan Institute.

You want to be particularly careful in the case of Scotus with which edition you are using. He suffers from a small number of extant manuscripts (mostly the notes of his students) and confusing provenance at times. Don't just trust some online text without going to a good edition and looking at the critical apparatus!

You know this poem is almost certainly about blowjobs, right?

Also, since when was "promam" a Latin word?

EDIT: (Proof on the blowjob claim) https://www.academia.edu/190044/2008._The_Lesbia_Code_Backmasking_Pillow_Talk_and_Cacemphaton_in_Catullus_5_and_16_QUCC_89_55-69

From L&S s.v. prŏpīno:

>propino hoc pulchro Critiae, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96: suum calicem alicui, Mart. 2, 15, 1.

Erasmus is no Roman, of course, but his Latinity is such that this dialogue may be worth a look anyway.

>Praebibo tibi. . . . Propino tibi hunc scyphum . . . Sit saluti. . . . Prosit.

Some typefaces use a single-storey A "ɑ" vs the usual double-storey "a", which sometimes makes the ae and oe ligatures almost indifferentiable.

The popular Noto Serif italic fonts are for instance problematic in that regard.

Why am I not surprised that a Latin teacher managed to corrupt a perfectly fine text simply by copying it?

edit: toned down the bitterness.

Do you read French? There's a French translation here, but it doesn't quite agree with Kedar's text, which is what I assume you found. Of course if you only need a polished English translation so you can quote from it, then never mind. I doubt you'll have much luck getting a translator here with a three-day-old account and no other comments.

I've tended to use this list:

https://www.memrise.com/course/388159/oxford-university-mods-latin-vocab/

The levels are graded in order of increasing rarity and should definitely cover most of Cicero and Ovid. It's inevitable that you'll find some bizarrely rare words in the course of studying an author like Catullus - most vocabulary lists won't have cause to give you scyphus (cup), faginus (beechen) or irrumo (facefuck). The best you can do is give yourself a solid grounding in the basics from a list like the one above, and not feel disheartened at having to look up the rarer ones as you read.

This site also has handouts that cover Ovidian and Ciceronian vocabulary: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/101/index.html

A lot of people swear by Wheelock's Latin; it can be obtained for $16 on Amazon. I took the Cambridge course(the first two books, but online, I think?), however I believe it's a bit more expensive.

Wheelock uses original Latin texts, Cambridge uses a made up story about a family. Wheelock might also be a bit heavy; Cambridge was pretty easy, at least as far as I got.

Also worth mentioning is lingua latina per se illustrata, which is a book entirely in Latin, and you pretty much just learn by immersion. PDFs can be found with minimal work.

Yes, I would look at the Douay-Rheims version with the interlinear Vulgate. Here is one that seems to me to be quite eligible.

The Douay-Rheims is a direct translation of the Vulgate, and makes it really easy to follow along (it's not usually published with interlinear Latin though). Caveat: the D-R is not the most "accessible" English, so having a more modern translation on hand could be helpful (though this might be more of an undertaking than you're looking for).

That being said, I enjoy my hardcopy of the Vulgate (this one, by Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft) and I don't struggle when reading side-by-side with my Revised Standard Edition bible. That might be a second option if you don't want to go for the copy above.

Three notes that I think are worthy of inclusion:

1. You will have a confusing time reading the Vulgate with a non-Catholic bible (which do not include several books which were taken out by Luther and his pals). So keep that in mind while making your decision
2. Concerning the comment below about the difference between classical/ecclesiastical Latin--I myself don't have the clearest understanding of the differences between these two types, but I have never struggled greatly despite being educated in classical Latin alone (and I am by no means an expert, I have yet to complete my undergraduate and my knowledge of Latin is largely from personal study). You should be just fine.
3. There has been some speculation in Bible-scholarship that the Vulgate may in fact be truer to the original translation than what we have today, despite the discovery of the Dead-Sea Scrolls and the like. Something to do with what St. Jerome was using when he was writing the Vulgate...a bit irrelevant, but very interesting!

I second everything everyone else is saying. Another thing I would add is, especially since you're a Catholic, to get a copy of the Latin Vulgate. There are a lot of paper copies and your priests can easily tell you where to get one. Just so you know, this version on Amazon (which is basically the only listing for 'Vulgate' on the site) is a copy of the Stuttgart version, which is an academic rather than devotional version and will read different than what they read in Mass.

I recommend you get a good copy because you'll be killing multiple birds with one stone. Use these other tools like Lingua Latina to start to get the basic grammar and vocabulary. Then you can use the Vulgate to see how the grammar is used in a sentence. I'm doing the same thing right now and it's helping a lot. Beyond that, you'll get used to the language of the Vulgate, which will then help you when you're in Mass.

The text is

> Suplicium sceleri virtutu? ? præmia digna
et michi purgatas ani(m)as da lance benigna

With modern orthography it is supposed to read

> Supplicium sceleri, virtutum praemia digna
et mihi purgatas animas da/de lance benigna.

Some transcriptions read da as expected, others curiously read de.

With da:

> Give punishment to crime, give the just rewards of the virtues
> and to me give the cleansed souls with your benignant scale pan.

With de:

> Punishment to crime, the just rewards of the virtues
and to me the cleansed souls from your benignant scale pan.

You could also justify reading "from" in the version with da (separative ablative as opposed to instrumental) so I don't get why anyone would prefer lacking a predicate.

I'd be grateful if somebody could explain what is going on in terms of abbreviations at the end of virtutum, all other ligatures are quite readable (just imagine the letters written overlapping on top of each other) but that one I don't get.

Here's an idea, maybe it will help: Find an interlinear latin text such as this- https://archive.org/details/virgilsneidboo00virg

Then find the same text on the Perseus Project- http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0055

Start reading the actual Latin and clicking on forms you don't recognize. Also, look online or in a grammar for the section on the uses of the different cases and review over the use of the subjunctive and indirect statement et al. Drilling yourself on correlatives might help too!

> Aside from switching one of the pronouns, word order is one major difference between our translations. Latin is a subject-object-verb-order language, meaning that the main verb of a sentence (ago) always goes at the end of a sentence. The clause is isolated and is kind of stuck in between its parent noun and other nouns/the final verb.

Latin prefers SOV but not nearly as strongly as most people seem to believe.

Here's some statistics on a few texts (Caesar's Gallic War, Cicero's In Catilinam, Cicero's De Senectute) - as you can see in De Senectute Cicero does not put the verb at the end of the clause in 48% of main clauses and 29% of subordinate clauses.
The article makes similar points about the placement of adjectives and is definitely worth a read (if only to commemorate the efforts of the poor grad student who had to count ...).

quibus is wrong. The relative pronoun only takes number and gender from the verb it refers to, its case depends on its function within the relative clause.

Gratias eis qui eam laudant ago. would be correct.

But eis qui in such a short sentence sounds a bit weird & overdetermined, imho the demonstrative pronoun takes on an exclusive connotation: "I give thanks to those and only to those who praise her. Fuck everyone else".
I'd prefer Gratias ago qui eam laudant.

Our class learned:

• please = quaeso, "I beg"
• thank you = gratias tibi ago or gratias vobis ago
• you're welcome = nihil est

As mentioned elsewhere, these may or may not have been used in Rome, but the meanings should be roughly equivalent. Also the etymology of B.C. can be found here, it looks like it's only been in use since the mid 1600's, and doesn't have Latin origins.

AFAIK, formal pronouns were not a thing in Classical Latin, but they did evolve before the end of the Roman Empire. Here's an non-authoritative source I found.

>Around V century the plural form VOS started to be used to address the Roman Emperor as a sign of respect because the Emperor represents the people. Later his use of plural YOU has spread to other social groups as a general form of polite address. Many languages still retain this influence. For example in French the plural VOUS is used to address a single person in a formal way.

>In Spain and it’s colonies the use of VOS evolved to replace TÚ even in informal contexs such as among friends and family. Thus VOS lost its original purpose as a means of polite address of people in authority.

>The Spanish aristocracy then came up with a new mode of polite address VUESTRA MERCED which later with time became abbreviated into the now common USTED.

>With the rise of USTED as a formal way of address TÚ made a comeback in Spain and regained its original use as a familiar form of YOU. The use of VOS correspondingly declined. However, the countries such as Argentina that were less connected to the Spanish Empire and thus were less influenced by its fashions have retained the use of VOS for the familiar form of address that was common when the country was originally settled.

http://www.spanishdict.com/answers/134022/-what-is-vos

Like many, I recommend Lingua Latina per Se Illustrata. You can get a CD to go with this, but these days people have recorded themselves reading it on YouTube. You'll want a grammar book. LLPSI teaches a natural familiarity with the language, but understanding grammar makes that even better. There is a grammar text designed to go with LLPSI, but I have never seen it. There are copies of Wheelock all over the place, though. I also like Lear to Read Latin, because it's what gamers might call a crunchy approach to the language, not afraid to truck in technical explanations. It's Latin for left-brained nerds.

Set a schedule. When got around to seriously studying Latin, I would do at least an hour in the mornings before work studying grammar (back then I was using Adler + the Latinum podcast) and at night I would read a chapter LLPSI. I would read the same chapter each night for a week. Ultimately, in learning to read you want to "read a lot, mostly new stuff" but at this stage I think the repetition helped a lot to recognize patterns.

Do vocabulary cards for anything you're reading. Latin on one side, English on the other, and test yourself. Do paradigm drills. Test yourself. The Natural Method does not eliminate the utility of these study techniques.

Get a copy of Traupman's Latin Dictionary, as your vade mēcum. These days Logeion is my standard Latin dictionary, but Traupman does brief explanations of many idiomatic usages that I often found helped me to understand more than the mere definition did of the passage I was reading. Get used to the practice of looking up words. Seems like a chore for a while, and then it just becomes a trifle.

Came here to say this, but also to note that there is a really nice newer edition of it edited by Anne Mahoney at Tufts, which is a bit more readable and useful in terms of quickly flipping back and forth. Here's the amazon link: https://www.amazon.com/Allen-Greenoughs-New-Latin-Grammar/dp/1585100277

Are you really into the nitty-gritty of Latin Grammar? If you are, then I would recommend Completely Parsed Cicero. If you scroll through the 'Look Inside' feature on Amazon, you will see the actual page layout. A HUGE amount of grammatical data on every single word, but also a literal and literary translation. You will learn more than you ever wanted to know, plus that speech, for my money, is one of his most interesting.

https://www.amazon.com/Completely-Parsed-Cicero-Oration-Catiline/dp/0865165904.

If you don't want to go so deep, then the Legamus series are very good for getting a taste of an ancient author, plus they will revise a lot of the grammatical features that you encountered at School. Here is the Horace one, for example.

https://www.amazon.com/Horace-Legamus-Transitional-Reader-Latin/dp/0865166765/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1485888892&amp;sr=1-1&amp;keywords=legamus+horace

I definitely second gelato's recommendation of Lingua Latina per se and Beyond GSCE.

And, of course, you should be reading Legonium. ;)

The most obvious interpretation would be that Hormus has bad breath.

This commentary writes somewhat curiously:

Potes intellegere Hermi calicem fuisse venenatum; vel, quod magis placet, os illius foetidum fuisse.

It seems to me that the commentator is serious about the first option (i.e. doesn't build up to "the cup was 'poisoned' by Hormus' putrid mouth") which seems like a complete non sequitur to me.

This commentator suspects a predilection for oral sexual practices on part of Hormus.

From Doderlein:

>Sumere; Capere; Prehendere; Accipere; Excipere; Recipere; Suscipere; Recuperare. 1. Sumere (sub-imere) means to take up any thing, in order to use it, like αἱρεῖν; capere (from κάπτειν) to lay hold on any thing, in order to possess it, like λαβεῖν; lastly prehendere, præhendere (from χανδάνειν) to lay hold on any thing, in order, in a mere physical sense, to have it in one’s hand. Cic. Phil. xii. 7. Saga sumpsimus, arma cepimus. 2. Accipere means to take any thing offered, with willingness, δέχεσθαι; excipere, to intercept, or catch any thing that is escaping, ὑποδέχεσθαι; recipere, to take any thing that wants protection, with a generous feeling; suscipere, to undertake, or take upon one’s self any thing burdensome, with self-denial. The accipiens usually takes in his hand; the excipiens, in his arms; the recipiens, in his bosom; the suscipiens, on his arm or back. 3. Recipere means to receive again, without taking pains; whereas recuperare, to regain by one’s own exertion. Liv. xiii. 53, urbem recipit, by merely taking possession; comp. with xxvi. 39, urbe recuperata, by conquest. (iv. 131.)

Further:

> nancisci, adipisci, assequi, and consequi, only a distant object, which is reached; the nanciscens (from ἐνεγκέσθαι) arrives at his object with or without trouble, sometimes even against his wish, as to light upon; the adipiscens (from potiri) only by exertion, as to achieve; the consequens arrives at the object of his wish with or without assistance; the assequens, at the object of his endeavors, by means of exertion.

If you mean something like "Just try and take it" I'd use something like "Venī, cape" or "venī, assequere".

If it's more like "come here and accept this" I'd say something like "Venī, accipe".

I don't know of an expression in Latin, used by the Roman philosophers, that would equate to what I understand of the concept of Yin and Yang, and I doubt there is such an equivalent expression.

If you want to know how to translate Yin and Yang or how to use these words in Latin, the most proper way to do this is probably to keep them as loan words, as we have done in English. Along those lines, there was a Latin translation of the I Ching with notes by the Jesuit missionaries to China. On this page you can see how they borrowed the words <em>Yn</em> and <em>Yang</em> into the Latin text.

Anki is pretty good. If you have set texts to study then you can import all more difficult vocab into it and test yourself progressively. Granted, the best way to internalise vocabulary is by reading words in context, but spaced repetition of the sort Anki provides is useful too.

What I wouldn't really advise though is plucking a list off the internet and rote learning every word on it, without having first met those words on a page of proper latin before. Maybe it works for some people, but in my experience words learnt in that manner go in one eyeball and out the other.

Not as far as I know.

For Latin audiobooks check

https://vivariumnovum.it/risorse-didattiche/propria-formazione/audiolibri

and

https://librivox.org/search?primary_key=39&amp;search_category=language&amp;search_page=1&amp;search_form=get_results

Look for this text edition/commentary.

I can't find it online but I have found another Cicero commentary of the same author that has been published in the same series and I would imagine that his De Amicitia commentary is similar in style and volume (De Senectute commentary).

I'd look into 19th century grammar school textbooks.

The to date best German textbook for Latin composition was published in its 7th edition (the last one in its original form) in 1900 and was primarily aimed at advanced learners and teachers at grammar schools.

In Germany grammar school students had to write a >800 words Latin essay as part of their final examinations (Abitur) until 1890 when the Latin exam was watered down to the translation of a German text into Latin. After 1926 only a translation of a Latin text into German was required.
Consequently textbooks for Latin composition published prior to 1890 were on a very high level even if they might sometimes sacrifice the final 1% of Latinitas in favor of giving their students a slightly greater range of expression.

I don't know when this process took place in the UK and the US but I imagine it also happened at some point during the late 19th or early 20th century.

My guide to learning Latin would to focus on audio resources and use literary to supplement them. Here is a list of resources:

https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/comments/3dsmz2/some_resources_for_those_wanting_to_learn_latin/

Evan Der Millner is a great latinist and I think that he is a good starting point with Adler's Latin Course and Vestibulum.

In terms of thinking in Latin, you are going to need to take in tons of audio before you can think in Latin. I would recommend a tutor if you want to practice conversationally.

Ivana on Italki:

http://www.italki.com/teacher/1618981

Grumio est ebrius.

I second this, you can find the books cheaper on eBay. You'll need at least three: the course books, the student study books and the student study answer key books.

Also memrise has a course dedicated to the vocab you'll use in the first book. It isn't complete, but it gives a good head start while waiting for the books to arrive.

Also Open University has a really good really simple primer to getting started learning. It only takes a few hours to go through, max.

I usually recommend two things:

First, build your own vocabulary list from what you're reading rather than use a premade list. Don't make a flashcard for every word you look up (unless you're studying a set text for which you actually need to know every word). Instead, wait until you've had to look up a word two or three times, and then make a card for it. Include a line or two of context, if you're aiming for recognition rather than recall, since we learn in chunks. This is especially important if you want to learn the collocation as well as just the lexical item (e.g. similis with the genitive, or resisto with the dative).

Second, put your list into Anki, which is free. The benefit of Anki, or a similar program that uses spaced repetition, is that it uses an algorithm to gradually increase the intervals at which cards come up for review, assuming you continue getting them right. If you give an incorrect response, that card's frequency resets. As you can imagine, this is far more efficient than flipping through the same physical flashcard deck every day, with no distinction between cards you know well, cards you're learning, and cards you've forgotten.

The distinction in meaning is subtle. I'll quote from Bradley's Arnold here:

>336. Is is the pronoun of mere reference. It is regularly used, especially in the oblique cases, for "he," "she," "him," "her," "it," as an unemphatic pronoun referring to some person or thing already mentioned, or to be mentioned....
>
>339. Ille is the demonstrative of the third person, "that," that out there." Hence comes various uses:
>
>(i) The remote in time as opposed to the present...

So, eō tempore is "in that time", but illō tempore is "that time as opposed to now".

If you don't have a copy of Bradley's Arnold Latin Prose Composition, I highly recommend it. I have been told not to waste time with the exercises in the book, but as a grammar reference it excels.

I 100% recommend the companion book. It clears up anything you might be confused about and explains the grammar. I also have the exercise book which I'm really glad I purchased. There is a guy on YouTube that reads the chapters out loud so you can hear the pronunciation without having to buy them.

https://www.amazon.com/Companion-Familia-Romana-%C3%98rbergs-Vocabulary/dp/158510809X/ref=sr\_1\_2?dchild=1&amp;keywords=familia+romana&amp;qid=1623646070&amp;sr=8-2

I'm very much on board with LLPSI, but I generally recommend supplementing it with a grammar text, and Wheelock is a pretty good commonly available option. I have been using Looking at Latin as a reference while teaching my son. It's basically a Latin grammar text stripped down to the format of handouts like you might give to a class.

The New College Latin and English Dictionary. This one's great for only $9.23. Helped me through my Latin classes. https://www.amazon.com/New-College-Latin-English-Dictionary/dp/0877205612

The teacher's materials contains answers for the Pensa A,B,C, and answers for the Exercitia except for the open questions.

You may be in luck: recently published was The Latin of Science, which contains a selection of scientific Latin on various topics (optics, chemistry, physics, astronomy, etc), written by authors from antiquity through the 17th century. The passages are all accompanied by a commentary, and have good introductions.

I remember Gowers' 2012 edition of Horace (Satires I) as having a very full commentary aimed at inexperienced readers of Horace. I found it good preparation for reading the rest of the Satires and the Epistles. (There's an excellent Amazon review if you want more details.) Horace is not the easiest Latin poet, though, so he may not be the best point of departure if you haven't read much Latin verse before. I think Braund's edition of Juvenal (Satires I) also offers more help than many CGLCs.

I'm not on speaking familiarity with the term discourse marker but you may want to look into <u>Particularly Good Latin</u>, which is Claude Pavur's edited version of Thomas Dyche's English Particles Latinized. Generally I dislike public domain items being hawked on Amazon or eBay, but this isn't a print-on-demand of a PDF or unedited OCR of a book you can get on Archive.org, or Google Books. It's an edited and updated version available in Kindle format, cleaning up some of the things that would make it a pain to read for us moderns. No crazy old timey typeface. Archaic english is rephrased or annotated for modern readers. Nothing is dumped out of an OCR and put up for a quick cash grab. Worth the money in my opinion.

As an example, here are the entries that involve utcunque:

> Ever = howsoever, whosoever, wheresoever and in similar words : add -cunque to the Latin of the former part of the word, or double it : ubi ubi, ubicunque, utcunque, ut ut, quicunque, or quisquis

>But however things be. >>Sed utcunque se res habent.

>However, Howsoever : ut ut, quoquo modo, utcunque, quomodocunque

>But howsoever these things are, your brother did well. >>Sed utcunque se habent ista, bene fecit frater.

>We must bear all howsoever adverse. >>Omnia utcunque adversa sunt toleranda.

The text could have used more formatting for readability, possibly with the English particle in bold and the Latin in italics.

It looks like the main Penguin and Oxford World's Classics compilations on Amazon do not have the speech ("Political Speeches," and "Defense Speeches" for the latter). This Loeb edition of Pro Quinctio is from 1930, it looks like.

Unfortunately this speech seems like it's overshadowed by other speeches in Cicero's corpus, so it doesn't get published as often for the wider public.

I suggest this edition of these letters for when you are finished with your basic course because there is a translation provided so you can read a lot of material quickly, and that really is crucial: read a lot of material. The Lost Love Letters of Heloise and Abelard: Perceptions of Dialogue in Twelfth-Century France (The New Middle Ages) https://www.amazon.com/dp/0230608132/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_tai_oAlFFbDD2YCVD

As far as tha basic Latin vocabulary is concerned, I would suggest free Flashcards apps like the Beginner Latin 2 and the ok Latin app

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.shex.beginnerlatin2 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.shex.oklatin

I'll add Whitaker's words. It was originally an online dictionary which, while not containing all Latin words, can search for conjugated forms. I don't know about iOS, but there is an Android app.

Unabridged texts with macra are practically nonexistant (it's assumed that anyone who will read them knows where the macra go anyways). For the Vulgate, search Biblia Sacra Vulgata and you will find many options. I don't know of unabridged versions of the other two works.

Ive also been drooling over this but look at the price:

https://www.amazon.com/révélation-dHermès-Trismégiste-Anciennes-Grecque/dp/225132674X/ref=mp_s_a_1_6?qid=1667503918&amp;refinements=p_27%3AAndre-Jean+Festugiere&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-6

I have and really like the big gold book of Latin verbs, which is great because it has a grammar guide and uses multiple forms of each verb in contextual sentences from classical sources.

That depends on what kind of Latin you're reading. The ancient Roman literature that survived to be read today were written on stone tablets or buildings, clay pottery, or mosaic artwork -- almost entirely in what modern readers would know as uppercase. This was also before punctuation was commonly used, and they may or may not have marked words' stress with macrons -- fluent Latin readers wouldn't have needed them anyway. Furthermore, they conventionally replaced all occurrences of the letter 'U' with 'V', since Vs were easier to carve in stone.

However, once historians found those carvings, they would transcribe them onto paper with lowercase letters, punctuation, and perhaps macrons as appropriate -- they also knew to use the consonantal v and the vowelized u. Similarly, medieval scribes from the Catholic church also wrote Latin using lowercase letters and punctuation.

For my translations here, I usually write using macrons and lowercase letters, simply to avoid the appearance of yelling at those who post translation requests. If you prefer the stone-tablet lexicography of ancient Rome, I would suggest a small-caps font like Cinzel.

Thus:

> NĒMŌ SCIENTIAM VĒRAM MEAM SCIT > > NĒMŌ SCIT QVOD VĒRĒ SCIŌ

I thoroughly enjoyed Ben-Hur. Actually I listened to the Librivox recording.

I'll just add that while c does appear for initial g on occasion in Medieval Latin, cladius is by no means a common medieval spelling for gladius.

Indeed, I could not find another example in any of my lexicographical resources.

However, confusion between majuscule C and G is commonplace, and this may well be a scribal error. Depending on the script, mss, scribe, etc., I'd be tempted to emend here.

Good Source for initial c/g exchange: Peter Stotz's Handbuch zur Lateinischen Sprache des Mittelalters, III, ss177.5.

Just curious, what's the article in question OP?

Edit: Sweet! Looks like there was some excellent monkish etymologizing that gladius and clades are related.

E.g. here, second column, first paragraph. There's bound to be more examples then. (NB: This is a postmedieval source, but I'd bet my copy of the OLD that there are earlier examples.)

So, given this I'd be less likely to emend. Fun, fun. Ok, I really have to work now.

Jones' Intermediate oral Latin reader has an interesting variation on this concept:
rather than strict sentence by sentence paraphrasis he offers Latin "preparation" sections in which the subject matter of the poem is outlined in simple sentences introducing key vocabulary.

Maybe Meissner's phraseology can give you ideas for logical headers?

Personally, I just learn direct synonyms and try to revise synonyms as I am reading. It's much easier for me to learn a new Latin word in relation to Latin words I already know than to learn it from scratch.
It took some getting used to including also less than perfect synonyms but by now I am convinced that the nuances in meaning and the appropriateness in any given context are better learned from reading than from dictionaries.

If you're looking for a fairly short excerpt, &quot;The Twelve Caesars&quot; by Suetonius describes Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon. That section (I.XXIII) has some colorful details like a piper, shepherds, and trumpeters, and it culminates in the dramatic line "The die is cast."

Ok well here's my take. Essentially you need your grammar. It's a valuable tool set and if you ever get anywhere with the language you'll see why: there are textual and stylistic problems and disputed readings and all sorts. Even if you don't get there/have no interest, a sound grammatical base will be valuable for reading difficult literature when you just can't make heads or tails of what's in front of you.

But grammar is a tool and learning it ought not to be conflated with learning to read Latin. What you need is something like this: https://archive.org/details/firstlatinsteps00magoog it has syntactical constructions and then ca. 100 examples from Latin. If you can, buttress that with composition practice and a graded reader/go through another textbook. The first 4-6 weeks are the hardest but your level will pick up rapidly.

Per my understanding of the discussion of Google translate in this review of <em>The Second Machine Age</em>: Yes. The software "learns" by being corrected.

FWIW, Google Translate actually made some good guesses on this one (I suspected it might, given that the particular sentence you're trying to translate is just equating two things in the present tense):

http://translate.google.com/#en|la|a%20family%20is%20more%20than%20blood

I did have to change "family" to "a family" for whatever reason, to force a translation out of it. Just kept putting "family" in. And it did combine two types of comparison, ultimately making the grammar redundant and incorrect.

So, yeah, there's no algorithmic online translator that is going to do the job of a human. This subreddit is generally pretty willing to help, though. :)

Here you go! He has one of the best pronunciations of Latin I’ve ever heard. https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/legioxiii/episodes/2018-08-17T06_36_12-07_00

Yeah, grammar translation only advocates be crazy, yo.

Oh there is so much! Almost too much! Especially in the form of podcasts, as well as blogs. I recommend the various sites I have linked in the description of this video:

https://youtu.be/eGDrlpaImCk

I also recommend the links to work by Alexis Hellmer, who was a guest on my Latin podcasts LegXIII today:

https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/legioxiii/episodes/2018-11-22T01_50_49-08_00

Have a look at the project to translate the 60 LingQ Mini-Stories into Latin: not just the mini-stories themselves but the resources they're using as authorities on modern and contemporary Latin vocabulary.

The Teaching Company has a wonderful course that is on cd or audio streaming as well as dvd and video streaming. It's expensive - I got the audio version as a gift - but a lot of public libraries have these courses, and I know pirated versions exist. The method is very traditional grammar-translation, lots of chanting and drills. But the instructor is really good and often hilarious. I did the entire thing while driving, stretched out over a year or so. I feel like it gave me a solid base in Latin.

The problem with that kind of English phonetic transcription is that those sounds are pronounced differently depending on where you're from, and you're trying to describe a single Latin sound.

If you're interested in this kind of thing, I recommend learning some of the international phonetic alphabet (IPA). Looking at all the different symbols is intimidating, but only a handful are used for Latin and they're very easy. Then you can find phonetic transcription of most Latin words on Wiktionary.

To use your example, Wiktionary gives /ˈnoː.biːs/ for nōbīs. We know /i/ in IPA is always the English "ee" sound, because "ih" like in "win" is /ɪ/. Then ' before a syllable is stress, . divides syllables, and ː marks a long vowel.

Here is one such set of rules for syllable stress specifically. You've noticed an important problem, which is that you sometimes need to know whether a vowel is inherently long. Long vowels and most combinations of consecutive consonants cause the stress to shift from the third-to-last syllable to the second-to-last. Unfortunately there's no way to tell vowel length just by looking at the word as it would be written in the context of plant names. When you learn latin as a foreign language, long vowels are often marked with a macron, like this: caespitōsum (the link I posted uses a circumflex instead). If you pop a Latin word into wiktionary.org, it will show you a dictionary entry with the long vowels marked.

Keep in mind that not all taxonomic names are pure latin. Some are greek, or latin and greek, or latinized greek, or latinized english...you get the idea. So it might be hard to predict the pronunciation in those cases.

One last thing - the "correct" pronunciation of Latin in terms of articulating the vowels and consonants is not necessarily "correct" when it comes to scientific and medical terminology. Using either of the two most popular systems, the classical and ecclesiastical pronunciations, would sound strange and turn heads. You do want to follow latin's rules for syllable stress, but otherwise basically pronounce it like English (assuming you work in an English-speaking country).

I really Like Kennedy's Revised Latin Primer, that's my preferred reference. Wheelock's is a good resource, but it provides sanitized Latin, Latin which you normally wouldn't encounter.

EDIT: As an afterthought, I remembered Memrise, which is a phenomenal memory tool to study vocabulary. There are quite a few different test banks on the website. It tracks the words you struggle with and it makes learning the vocabulary like a game (albeit boring).

Here you'll find what you need, the material is made with the self learner in mind, you can concentrate on your reading/understanding ability or you can buy the Student's book (or the Companion) to review the grammar.

If you're interested in etymology, then you should probably look at etymological dictionaries, or etymological books (like the one suggested by u/Tjdamage). For Latin, if you want something a bit more exhaustive, I recommend de Vaan's <em>Etymological dictionary of Latin</em> (I am sure you can find it at a decent price).

But of course I recommend learning Latin as well! As you rightly put though, you can study etymology without learning the language.

I can't speak to the relevance of the NLE to the SAT II Latin exam. I don't know much about this resource, but a quick search on amazon yielded thisLatin SAT II prep; it might be worth looking into.

You might consider the book English Words From Latin and Greek Elements by Ayers. It covers both roots (e.g., VID/VIS = to see) and word formation (I can't think of the proper term for it, but e.g, the suffix -OUS mens "full of".)

I've used this app for a while now. Has a bit of everything, though you have to make your own assumption if you are capable enough to continue. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ca.libphil.lang.a.latin

There is an app that is a lot like familia romana and is very interactive. You don't have to look up words since the english translation is located right underneath each word. And the reading comes with an audio book. It also has speaking lessons in Latin with great pronunciation. I'd give that a shot. It's called Xochi.

Xochi iPhone App: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/xochi-language-app/id1444495814

Xochi Android App: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.AztecWorks.Inglesa&amp;hl=en\_US&amp;gl=US

Of course! and the answer won't surprise you: books.

Get your hands on a good comparative grammar, such as this one.

Disclaimer: besides solid bases in Latin, it requires prior knowledge of linguistics and PIE.

Consider getting a copy of this...It starts with simplified versions of Ovid: Latin Via Ovid: A First Course Second Edition https://www.amazon.com/dp/0814317324/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_glc_fabc_EcO0Fb2X3JBEG

I highly recommend The Latin Sexual Vocabulary by Adams. He gives a very thorough and academic review of everything "improper" in Latin. As an example, there's an entire chapter dedicated to the various words used for "butthole."

An adapted version of Ovid's story is in accessible Latin in Fabulae Syrae

https://www.amazon.com/Fabulae-Syrae-Lingua-Latina-Latin/dp/1585104280/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&amp;keywords=fabulae+latina+lingua&amp;qid=1604960213&amp;sr=8-1

The text Getting Started in Latin is a really gentle introduction. Do check out Minimus. I haven't tested it out on actual kids, but it does seem like it would draw in a kid with a bit of initiative. You might also try giving the kid The Usborne First Thousand Words in Latin, a picture dictionary of Latin our modern surroundings. I don't agree with all its vocabulary choices, or macron placements, but it's a book that works with a child's penchant for exploration and discovery.

There are a number of potted readers out there. They've recently republished A New Latin Primer, which you can preview on Amazon. It's from a bygone era, but it does get you reading simple Latin. Once you've looked that up, Amazon will have other suggestions.

Best version of the Clementine Vulgate that is easily available is the Spanish version (Amazon link) from Colunga and Turrado. You get two psalters with this one as well: the Gallican and the Pian version from 1945.

Cambridge University Press recently republished the Aeneidea of James Henry in 5 volumes. The work is a vast commentary on the Aeneid originally published 1873-92. It doesn't meet the standards of a modern commentary like Nicholas Horsefall's contributions, but it makes up for that in its often florid and encyclopedic comments, which are much more fun to read.

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The entire set will set you back a cool $250 on amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Aeneidea-Set-Exegetical-Aesthetical-Collection/dp/1108063896/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=aeneidea&amp;qid=1558365489&amp;s=gateway&amp;sr=8-1

Collins's Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin is probably the standard text. Universalis can give you a parallel Latin / English text (which is normally a great set of "training wheels" while you're learning), but the English they give is a translation of the Hebrew for the psalms, not the Latin, which means there are some differences.

I've always found the Oxford Classical Texts to be great editions of just the latin. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Seneca-Epistulae-Vol-II-Classical/dp/0198146493

Sorry - I don't know of any readers, though! When I did this a few years ago at university, my lecturer actually had to print out the latin for us because there are so few resources for these letters (to my knowledge).

If you're going to get Wheelock's, just grab the latest edition (7th). Ancillary materials will be keyed to it and you won't save much money hunting down an older hard copies (7th is currently $17 on Amazon for the hard cover).

If you're just looking for a reference, however, I might suggest you consider getting a handy little grammar instead. Folks around here can suggest quite a few. I found the Oxford Latin Grammar very useful when I was getting started. The material in such a grammar will be better organized for reference purposes than what you'll find in Wheelock's, which isn't really meant as a reference.

Firstly, it sounds like you both care. That's a huge win.

If you can compromise on LLPSI then that's another huge win because it's absolutely brilliant. Make sure you use Colloquia Personarum too, maybe as homework.

Be sure to check out Scorpio Martianus' video recordings of the whole of Familia Romana/Colloquia Personarum on youtube. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zt19wzsW-c&amp;t=219s)

Also, memorising paradigms and vocabulary can actually be fun. Anki takes all the drudgery out of memorisation and makes it a good game. (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ichi2.anki&amp;hl=en_US)

(And I speak as someone who hated rote memorization so much that I dropped A-level chemistry because they wanted me to memorise a list of colours of transition metal ions)

Learn to use Anki, and get your kids to use it too, it can be quite addictive and then they can piss about on their phones whilst learning Latin.

Make your own anki decks for LLPSI, as you go, including recording the various words and paradigms in your own voices. I imagine they will love it.

And Anki (or spaced recognition) is a transferable skill. It will probably be the most useful thing they get from a Latin course, maybe from school in general.

As a start, you might want to try flashcard apps like the Beginner Latin 2 app to begin learning on your own some basic Latin words from scratch.

As far a the basic Latin vocabulary is concerned, I'd recommend flashcard tools like the Beginner Latin 2 app and the ok Latin app that you can try using to help learn and practice the common Latin words and phrases on your own.

Use apps like the Beginner Latin 2 to learn or practice some basic Latin words and phrases from scratch at your own pace and convenience.

http://www.amazon.com/Lingua-Latina-per-Illustrata-Pars/dp/1585104205/

http://www.amazon.com/Wheelocks-Latin-7th-Edition-Series/dp/0061997226/

The preview of Lingua Latina is good enough that you can see it's a story that's entirely in Latin, yet progresses slowly enough that it's understandable. It's like if Rosetta Stone had more context and more grammar explanation.

Learn to Read Latin is a pretty hard-core beginning latin text, kudos to you.

I was going to come here to suggest Caesar as he is, indeed, popularly read during the second year. After you finish with him you'll be able to eye-ball an ablative absolute from outer-space. I know you don't think you are at the Aeneid's level of comprehension yet but, in case you want something different I would recommend this commentary of the Aeneid. It was designed with AP students in mind, so about second year college Latin. I would certainly recommend picking it up perhaps in addition to Caesar because fortifying the winter camps (Common Caesar based Latin student joke) gets really old after a while.

Read every day for 2 years or so. A nice, easy to understand read: <em>Nova Vulgata</em>. (Paperback).

I misnamed it sorry, it's LP Latin, and here's the link to the google play store for the app:

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ca.libphil.lang.a.latin

It's made by a company called Liberation Philology (http://www.libphil.ca/) which does a heap of these sort of grammar table-like game/practice exercises for different languages. I don't know of the quality of the others since I only use the Latin app but it was a good find on my part when I was doing first year university-level Latin.

As promised... It took a little longer than I anticipated, but Simply Latin Forms is now out for Android. If you're still interested, the link is: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.themaninwhite.simplylatinforms If you decide to get it, let me know what you think.

Si quid nostri temporis tibi placuerit, vide et Tellica. Haud illepidum est carmen hexametricum de quodam helvetico viro egregio.

They are both on Amazon.

https://www.amazon.com/APICII-ARTIS-MAGIRI-CAE-LIBRI/dp/B091WCSTH4/ref=mp_s_a_1_3?crid=DRUOQ2WNJA8B&amp;keywords=Colin+John+Parry&amp;qid=1670868657&amp;sprefix=colin+john+parry%2Caps%2C165&amp;sr=8-3

https://www.amazon.com/Imper%C4%81t%C5%8Dris-Ant%C5%8Dn%C4%ABn%C4%AB-Itiner%C4%81ria-Pr%C5%8Dvinci%C4%81rum-Maritimum/dp/B09Y52WSZM/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?crid=PN553924SCV7&amp;keywords=Imper%C4%81t%C5%8Dris+Ant%C5%8Dn%C4%ABn%C4%AB+August%C4%AB+Itiner%C4%...

Ex libro c. i. est "Nova exercitia Latina I": https://www.amazon.com/Nova-exercitia-Latina-discipulorum-illustrata/dp/B00T72FJCG/ref=sr\_1\_1?crid=ELL05BIGZK8V&amp;keywords=nova+exercitia+latina&amp;qid=1670504982&amp;sprefix=nova+exercitia+latin%2Caps%2C182&amp;sr=8-1.

Ex libro c. i. est "Nova exercitia Latina I": https://www.amazon.com/Nova-exercitia-Latina-discipulorum-illustrata/dp/B00T72FJCG/ref=sr\_1\_1?crid=ELL05BIGZK8V&amp;keywords=nova+exercitia+latina&amp;qid=1670504982&amp;sprefix=nova+exercitia+latin%2Caps%2C182&amp;sr=8-1.

Here: https://www.amazon.com/Orbis-pictus-Latinus-Vocabularius-lateinisches/dp/3760804241/ref=sr\_1\_3?crid=2HG6YCH6RDP9K&amp;keywords=orbis+pictus&amp;qid=1670417310&amp;sprefix=orbis+pictus%2Caps%2C226&amp;sr=8-3

There are additional stories in Fabellae Latina and Colloquia Personarum