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This is a stupid graph. They both fluctuate a decent amount if you look at them on your own, it just doesn't look like it on the combined graph because the number of times "fluctuating" has been used is so much smaller than the number of times "constant" has been used. Harder to see fluctuations in a smaller value.
EDIT: Since this appears to be the top comment, I'll post OP's separate graphs, taken from his post further down.
Seems to me that both vary by approximately the same amount relative to their proportions used.
EDIT 2: Thanks for the gold!
EDIT 3: /u/herptydurr pointed out that even when you blow each graph up to the same size, the usage of "constant" has changed more over time. But you wouldn't be able to tell that from the original graph OP put in the link since the scales are so different. My original intent was more to point out that using the same axis for data sets that differ by an order of magnitude is a poor way to communicate trends. This data would make more sense with 2 y-axes.
He also used to take people hunting on his ranch. He had a convertible with a bar built in so you could drink, drive, and shoot deer at the same time.
Sorry about the ticket. I know those can suck but overfilled fire extinguishers do have a tendency to not discharge properly as you can see in this link
Also I like how you leave out the other safety violations you had or that you were warned about beforehand. That particular ticket can't be given by us without one of those conditions.
The rise of the American Right is a major area of research among historians. One of the better studies is <em>Suburban Warriors</em> by Lisa McGirr which uses Orange County California as a case study.
McGirr argued that the American Right was created
>within the context of the Cold War; postwar demographic transformation; the dynamics of economic, cultural, and political change; and their cumulative impact on the values and beliefs of ordinary people... (p. 12)
She further notes that modern conservative movement in the US started as a fiscal and social cause but very quickly became tied into a different politico-religious cause through the work of groups like the John Birch Society and people like Billy Graham.
Reagan gets so much credit because he succeeded where other conservative leaders failed. Barry Goldwater was the arch-Conservative who was defeated by Johnson for the Presidency. If he had won (in what would have been among the greatest electoral upsets in American history) he, most likely, would have the position Reagan occupies among your conservative friends. Reagan's election to Governor of California two years after Goldwater's crushing defeat kept the movement alive under the new standard bearer.
None of that addresses the particular fiscal/political beliefs of so-called Reagan Republicans, but it does give a little idea about why Reagan and not someone else.
Check out McGirr, its a pretty easy and very interesting read. She approaches the movement like an anthropologist, which is an interesting way to go about it.
Not really. However, he was the idiot that came up with the idea that babies are born a "blank slate" as far as gender goes.
Edit: Since my reply to /u/formsofforms is buried below, and his "source" is a book that few of you have access to, I thought I'd edit this post to back up my claim that /u/formsofforms's claims are incorrect.
He is wrong on "gender identity", and somewhat right on "gender role". In the 1950's many psychologists and psychiatrists were theorizing about the concept of gender roles. John Money may have been the first person to use the actual phrase "gender role". He did not "invent" the idea.
The term “gender identity” was coined in the 1960’s by Hooker and Stoller, who defined it as “ a young child’s developing a fundamental sense of belonging to one sex, and not the other”. Source
It seems that some sources do agree that John Money coined the term "gender role". However, he was hardly the first person to discuss the concept. Wiki Article on "Gender Role" for more context.
John Money's behavior during his "research" was abhorrent, but I would hate for anyone to disregard concepts like gender role and gender identity because they are associated with him.
The earliest mention I was able to find was in "<strong>THESAURUS GEOGRAPHICUS. A NEW Body of Geography: Or, A Compleat DESCRIPTION OF THE EARTH:</strong>" dated 1695.
The passage reads:
>"The Figure or Shape of this Country is very Remarkable, and may be well compar'd to that of a Man's Leg, the End whereof seems as it were to kick the Island of Siciliy into the Sea ; the Toes appear toward the Faro, or Watch-Tower of Messina, round Reggio, and the Cape of Spartivento ; the Heel toward Ancona ; the Ham about Ravenna; the Knee toward Piembino, and the Port of Leghorn ; and the Thigh toward the Alps.
>Italy is stretched forth toward the South, as it were a Peninsule, in form of a Boot, into the Mediterranean-Sea..."
Context:
The US joined WW2 after the beginning. They tried to gather information about various European states to plan their strategies. The US was doing an effort to break with its isolation policy. Unfortunately, Hungary was just plain inconsistent and strange. Hungary was indeed a Monarchy, ruled by an Admiral without a fleet in a landlocked country. Also, Hungary and Romania were allies even if Romania held some lands claimed by Greater Hungary. This conversation happened between a Department of State official and the diplomat of Hungary in Washington, 1942. So yeah, the Americans had the right to be confused.
EDIT: The source for this dialogue is the Diary of the Italian Foreign Minister (Count Galeazzo Ciano). You can find it here.
EDIT2: A polandball comic has already been made about this event by November14. As it is based on the same source, they are very similar. I had no idea of the existence of his/her comic, but you can find this version here.
Every time I think about a planet with methane oceans it reminds me of the time Niven set Pluto on fire. Given that Titan hasn't gone of like a giant bomb yet from violent meteor impacts, I doubt that a little spark from a probe's landing thrusters would set it off (should /r/askscience, I suppose).
It also strikes me that a seagoing probe, either sailing or submersible, could make use of the liquid methane as a fuel source.
Mostly, though, I'm waiting for a probe to send back ambient sounds from inside the atmosphere of another planet. Why the heck hasn't that happened yet? Galileo was in Jupiter's atmosphere for 78 minutes and not one thunderclap. Not a peep from the Mars rovers (atmosphere's thin but come on) and Huygens, in Titan's denser-than-Earth's atmosphere for 90 minutes? I would have been happy with the sound of just wind blowing on the surface of another planet.
Ah, who am I kidding. I'm happy with the outcomes of every one of those missions. Just seems like something as simple as audio should be included in these science packages.
It may be based on a misinterpretation of certain architectural features. For example, due to the prevalence of grave robbing/looting in ancient Egypt, pyramids were built with sliding portcullises and other methods of blocking access to the grave goods contained within the tomb. Various shafts and chambers were also included, which may fuel the perception. However, no actual traps have been excavated, anywhere in the world. Some traps were rumored in a recently discovered ancient Chinese tomb, which has been deemed too dangerous to excavate, but the danger is probably more due to toxic mercury and unstable ground rather than traps, though I believe the traps are a consideration. There also was supposedly a situation where a large quantity of hematite was placed on a pyramid floor, which caused hazards for the workers until they got hazmat suits.
The trope is probably a recollection and embellishment of the measures taken by pyramid builders to make the tombs inaccessible.
Edit: Apparently the cause for this phenomenon is the existence of a homonym of the word 'reddit,' which was used more classically, as the "third-person singular present active indicative" of the word reddo, which means "to give back, return" or to "return in profit." Seems pretty similar to the current use of 'Reddit'. To give [share ideas and observations] to the community for profit [sweet, sweet imaginary internet points].
Honestly, anyone that doesn't believe in evolution at this point is the dumb motherfucker. How in the fucking world can somebody look at a process as rapid as anti-biotic resistance and still claim it doesn't exist?
EDIT:To the "macro vs. micro" evolution crowd:
jump to the one minute mark
EDIT2: For those asking for a link to a scientific journal. It might be a little outdated (hey, a lot of books are, am I right?) but it's a decent starting place.
Google Books shows a few slightly earlier hits, of which the first is from <em>Ladies' Home Journal</em> 1952:
> if they have an easy class at school they're taking "underwater basket weaving".
> An impotent Turkish man tried to find a remedy for his problem by securing a penis implant from a donkey — but his desperate quest angered his family so much that one of his sons eventually shot him. According to newspaper reports, Mehmet Esirgen had twice bought donkeys, amputated their sexual organs and attempted unsuccessfully to persuade doctors to carry out a transplant. His family bitterly opposed the idea, so when the 52-year-old returned home from a trip to Ankara in 1997 with a third donkey, his son vented his frustration by shooting him in the leg. Esirgen remained unrepentant, vowing to acquire a fourth donkey as soon as he recovered from the bullet wound. "For a long time now," he was quoted as saying, "I have had sexual problems and I have spent all my pension funds to overcome them."
Sounds like bullshit to me, but here you go.
Come on man, this is Reddit, where law school is for chumps and every user becomes an educated legal expert upon registration.
Get your logic out of here.
That being said, I agree with you 100%. If anyone is interested in lawyers defending inmates on death row, I suggest you read "Walking Through The Valley" by Law Professor Timothy Floyd
It's not. When my little brother was 8, my grandmother bought him Joyce Meyer's "Battlefield of the Mind for Kids" -- there was a chapter about thinking deeply. She warned that when we "lose focus," and allow our thoughts to wander, we open a door for Satan to fill us with doubts.
The whole thing was bat shit, but that part really got me. I hid the book under a sofa and tivo'd Cosmos (a few weeks later) for little bro to watch instead. No sibling of mine is going to grow up in fear of his own thoughts. What the absolute fuck.
edit: here's an excerpt
Just to be clear, I cannot read Latin, so I cannot say for certain, but I may have found a Latin reference to the shape of the Italian peninsula being similar to that of a human leg.
The passage is from "Descriptio totius Italiae: qua situs, origines, imperia civitatum", which according to Google means "The description of the whole of Italy: where the location is determined, the origin, the government of the commonwealth".
The first mention is in the index, whose passage states "italiae figura iuxta recentiores, crus humanum", which Google translates as "Italy, according to recent figures, the human leg". This leads to a page that states
>"Demum litoris egressus, vastusque circa Venetiam ambitus per intimum Adriae angulum ad Arsiam vsque sit, ubi femoris exitus, & coxae latitudinem incipere paulo ante dictum est, absolui; prorsus integrum videtur crus. Itaq;sic nobis huius terrae figura comode satis est expressa..."
Which Google translates as:
>"Finally he went to the shore, about Venetia Huge circuit of Adria intimate angle to maintain the Arsa is where the issue of the thigh, and hip width begin shortly before it is acquitted; seems completely intact leg. Thus the shape of the land, so we have conveniently enough is expressed..."
Can anyone versed in Latin weigh in on the content in and around these passages to confirm if this is truly related to the shape of the Italian peninsula or not?
This is the book, dated 1566. The content is on page 6, I can't seem to find a way to link directly to it.
He's probably taking a criminology course. Here is a link to that chapter. He probably hasn't stolen a single thing in his life, but he did borrow the business cards in your console and knows where you live, so he will be stealing your car some night in the near future.
Going back to the source, it doesn't sound like it was immediate as implied in the wikipedia article. "It broke off his purpose for the present: he returned, mounted his horse, and rode to London; but, alas! the irritation of his mind was too great to be calmed by reason or religion, and in a short time he shot himself."
edit: And going back a step further(Page 784), the source for the wikipedia article source (ain't the internet fun?) says that Clarke had previously discussed hanging and drowning as means of suicide with one Samuel Weeley (a friend and one of the lay vicars of the church). Another lay vicar, Mr. Reading, heard the shot and entered Clarke's house (it was located in the church yard) and found him dying, where he presumably learned what happened - though I think it equally likely that Mr. Reading may have "embellished" the story as a sort of lesson (ignoring the sign from God of the coin landing on edge, and Clarke killing himself anyway).
Actually it does in a sense.
The criminal-justice system allows detention for months, even years, after a suspect has been formally <em>“placed under investigation”</em>, but not yet charged. Police can also continue to interrogate suspects during that time.
In addition to that there is a system of special non-jury courts for terrorism trials and it has a broad terrorist offence – the so-called <em>“association of wrongdoers”</em> offence – which allows it to cast the net wide and imprison a broad range of suspects.
On the one hand, you have Napoleon's stated intentions, and on the other, what he might have actually had in mind. Here's the former, in a statement he drafted while exiled on St. Helena:
>I went with confidence to England, with the intention of living there, or in America, in the most profound retirement, and taking the name of a colonel, killed at my side, resolved to remain a stranger to every political occurrence, of whatever nature it might be...
>I am at any time prepared to retire into private life, and I reiterate, that when it shall be judged proper to discontinue this cruel place of Exile, I am willing to remain a stranger to politics, whatever events may occur in the world. This is my intention, and anything which may have been said to the contrary is incorrect.
As for his real plans, given his personality, what happened at Elba, and his state of mind at St. Helena, it's hard to believe he would have been content to live quietly in private life for long.
EDIT: Here's another quote—from Emil Ludwig's Napoleon—which sheds some light on the subject:
>From that vantage ground [America] I should have been able to guard France against humiliation from abroad, reaction from within; the dread of my return would have sufficed. In America I should have established the center of a new French fatherland. Within a year, I should have had sixty thousand men grouped around me...It would have been a most natural place of refuge—a land of vast expanses where a man can live in freedom.
>and probably always sincerely opposed interracial marriage
There's at least some evidence that he was indifferent or cared little about it personally. Here's a self-deprecating quip he made once when asked about it
>The law means nothing. I shall never marry a negress, but I have no objection to any one else doing so. If a white man wants to marry a negro woman, let him do it -- if the negro woman can stand it. ~Source
First off, many slaves in the ancient world did run away and the possibility was always there. There were also numerous large-scale slave revolts, most famously the one led by Spartacus that had to be put down by a Roman army. To prevent mass escapes, Roman slave owners used either the carrot or the stick. Branding, shackling, abuse, and torture were used to keep many slaves in check, while others in more favored positions were given a stipend (Lat. peculium) and much more independence. The most-favored slaves were those belonging to the emperor, who, along with his freedmen, had a hand in administering the empire.
Harper, Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275-425 is excellent recent study on the subject. Here he discusses different types of incentives offered to slaves.
To give just one example of a fugitive slave from a documentary source, P.Cair.Preis. 1 (148 CE) (image) is a report of judicial proceedings from the province of Egypt concerning an enslaved woman named Eutychia, who was purchased for 1,160 drachmas (a hefty sum, enough to employ some 40 men for a month). According to the report, "after she stayed with him (the new owner) for a short time, she ran away taking with her the sale contracts and much of his belongings."
Your engineering example is spot on, and it is not specific for USSR only. This recent photo from India has made rounds because the world suddenly realized that in India most space engineers are women. It does not mean however that modern India is great in terms of gender equality. It means that different cultures can have different interesting idiosyncrasies about which occupations are more suitable for men and women, producing results that are strange for a Westerner. For example, in USSR, as well as in modern Russia, most physicians were women (about 70% overall, up to 95% in some fields of medicine). Compared to the US, it is great. But is it because of the gender equality? Not quite; it's just a local peculiarity. Somehow during the 20th century caring about the sick became a specialization of women (even though in 19th century it was firmly and undoubtedly a male-dominated profession).
It reminds me of this story about how Navy pilots are ordered to dump fuel before the end of the fiscal year or they'll receive cut-backs to their budget. It's a ludicrous and broken system.
Is there context that makes it clear that 'piece' is not simply a misspelling of 'peace?' The reading that stands out to me is a request that the artillery give things a rest.
EDIT: In the book cited, there is no context given whatsoever, not even to the extent of which side sent the telegram.
More women buy underwear for men than men do, so yes, having a nice bulge is attractive to the buyer: men's significant others. Source
Edit: here's another, non-blog source - The Story of Men's Underwear
Men are now buying more of their own underwear, but women still buy a significant portion: anywhere from 25% to over 50%.
Side note on the onside kick: A "surprise" onside kick works 60% of the time. It's mathematically benificial to try them more often than coaches do because the 60% probability of getting the ball back is worth losing the average 30 yards of field position. However, these statistics were taken when the kick off was on the 30 rather than the 35. So take these statistics with a grain of salt.
Source: Jeffery Ma, The House Advantage
I just read a book called The Barbary Plague, about the bubonic/pneumonic plague outbreak of San Francisco in 1900-1909. There was a story about two brothers who were playing in an unfinished basement somewhere (not belonging to their family) and giving a dead rat a funeral/burial. They contracted the plague and spread it to their whole family. They were the only survivors. (The rat was later exhumed by health officials and tested for plague.)
Edit: Here's the passage in question (starts halfway down page 164, goes until a third of the way down page 166.)
This document includes onions with other imports and exports from roughly the same time period - onions don't seem to cost more than similar items the few times they are listed.
One thought - onions are easy to grow and not a major export for any country of the time period. Onions will go bad very quickly in a moist environment like a ship hold.
Perhaps in Wallachia they dried onions for export? That would explain the higher price by weight.
Edit: Here's a good example of what drying does to the price of an exported crop (from the same document above)
Actually, seating like this is called "short term seating". It's for exactly the purpose op states, moving customers quickly. Though, this is a bit of an extreme example. Source: https://books.google.com/books?id=KR31uMoIarUC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=short+term+seating&source=bl&ots=OuCi-UOzxd&sig=RhveUGo88ewgeYtYE9Ytrgk-6SE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mSvDVOC8CYarggS9mYD4Bg&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAg
Sounds like her and her friend decided to set up her husband for a nice lucrative divorce case. Cheating and "rape!" What could better convince a family court that she deserves all his assets?
The fact is, peaceful negotiations won't overturn these abuses of law and egalitarianism.
https://i.imgflip.com/f577d.jpg
It's called "war" and until men realize and start acting like it is "war" - these women will continue to get away with these immense tyrannies and injustices. Women are just as capable of taking responsibility for their own choices when they drink as men. There is no greater insult to actual rape victims than stating that getting drunk and having sex is pretty much the same thing.
The use of women for sexual seduction in war is nothing new - and the liberals are employing it wholeheartedly:
The Red Cross segregated white and black blood until 1950, despite the knowledge that segregation served no real medical purpose. Segregated blood supplies became an especially heated issue during WWII.
He would have, yes. Here's what he had to say:
> It is simple, direct, gracefully phrased. It always sounds well -- In God We Trust. I don't believe it would sound any better if it were true.
> If this nation has ever trusted in God, that time has gone by ... for nearly half a century its entire trust has been in the Republican Party and the dollar -- mainly the dollar.
You can find a bit more context for the quote in the forward to When in Doubt, Tell the Truth: And Other Quotations from Mark Twain.
On a side note, as a Freemason, I'd like to point out that Clemens, also a Freemason, would have been very comfortable with the sentiment. Placing it on the same coin as he would not be a mischaracterization of his views, only of his views with respect to the nation.
Oh this was all in a LIFE magazine, check it out - https://books.google.com/books?id=CVEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=rosemary+shoong&source=bl&ots=fqBCZ07aBT&sig=KKb_PvC0I7sKyzMVS7G8PxCkeBY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cKzsVNpXyKKDBMGxgdAL&ved=0CDUQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=...
For the record, this seems to be commonly attributed to Timur as well as Genghis Khan, but the original reference to the "scourge of God" was Attila the Hun.
Source; note the tenth-century reference that predates Genghis's career
Could someone also clarify what is meant by "life expectancy" in the context of war? The British seem to have calculated such a number for pilots during WWI.
https://books.google.com/books?id=Y82WHKm2QBYC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=life+expectancy+british+pilot+wwi&source=bl&ots=Fq24DrYJh_&sig=gH80den5zvThJ9NZcYLAHFzdOc0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D9fkVMHLM8LkoAS_zYGQBg&ved=0CB0Q6AE...
My first instinct is that this number is meaningless because the number keeps getting bigger as the survivors get older ... instead, I have the impression that these statistics apply only to those people who ACTUALLY DIE.
So, if 100 pilots go into battle and 50 are killed at the first minute while the rest survive, I think we would say "there was an average life expectancy of one minute ... among those pilots who died in the battle." The same would be true if only one was killed and 99 survived. Right?
Thank you for this comment.
This seems like a rehashed idea from the mid-20th century. I was instantly reminded of a Buckminster Fuller quote:
>“We should do away with the absolutely specious notion that everybody has to earn a living. It is a fact today that one in ten thousand of us can make a technological breakthrough capable of supporting all the rest. The youth of today are absolutely right in recognizing this nonsense of earning a living. We keep inventing jobs because of this false idea that everybody has to be employed at some kind of drudgery because, according to Malthusian Darwinian theory he must justify his right to exist. So we have inspectors of inspectors and people making instruments for inspectors to inspect inspectors. The true business of people should be to go back to school and think about whatever it was they were thinking about before somebody came along and told them they had to earn a living.”
As much as it makes sense, maybe the hippie ideal doesn't mesh with mass society and bureaucracy?
Their exploits during WWII were detailed in hundreds of letters which were 'discovered' and compiled into a fascinating (to me, at least) book. If anyone's interested in WWII history stuff, it's worth checking out.
EDIT: Looks like the book is available via Google Books!
This article almost completely sums up what is so absolutely f***ed up about modern society. Moneytree just wants to target minorities and impoverished individuals because these people are the least likely to understand loan repayment and interest terms, or even worse, are so desperate for money that they don't even care about the interest.
Yeah, payday loans can help be a life saver in a lot of cases, and I see no reason for them to not exist, but there's a difference between lending and predatory lending, and this is an explicit example of how predatory lending lines the wallets of these companies.
It reminds me of the character Judge Bland from T. Wolfe's <em>You Can't Go Home Again</em>, who would deliberately lend money to poor impoverished blacks (this was written and took place in the 1930's) who had absolutely no idea even what the word "interest" meant, but would be thrilled to have money for a few hours and then fall behind on their absurdly high loan repayments, after which the judge would throw them in jail.
...Our society hasn't progressed since the 1930's when it comes to finance. That's just sick.
Why does the bump mean there was temporary internet? Doesn't this search through books for a word or phrase, not the number of web searches for it? Also, when you actually search "pokemon", the bump in year 1870 doesn't appear.
I can't believe someone would just make something up on the internet.
This was one of the problems faced by Ion Storm, the developers of Daikatana.
At tremendous expense, John Romero had leased out the two-story penthouse of the Texas Commerce Building to transform it into the ultimate gaming development palace, with wraparound floor-to-ceiling views of the entire city.
But the developers ended up stapling thick black felt sheets all over because the 60-foot arched glass ceiling was causing too much glare.
Clemson could have had Bear Bryant as our head coach. From our legendary coach Frank Howard:
> When I became the head coach at Clemson in 1940, Bear was still an assistant at Vanderbilt. This was before he even went into the Navy. He called me up wanting a job as one of my assistants here at Clemson. But I tell people that not hiring Bear was one of the smartest things I ever did. If I had, within six months he'd have cut my throat, drank my blood, and had my job.
Even though there is some dispute on his date of birth - Sylvester Magee (allegedly the last living former American slave) and Barack Obama both lived at the same time.
The turning of the cheek is to refuse being treated as an inferior, or being humiliated. The verses following it show Jesus taking the idea of fair revenge(Old Testament teaching), and teaching his followers to forget revenge all together: fair revenge or not.
The catholic teaching acknowledges the natural human reaction is one of retaliation.
When someone robes you of your clothes, he is doing you wrong and it's understandable that you want to rob him back. But "do not seek revenge."
It's important to understand that -not seek revenge- is not pretending a problem doesn't exist, or ignoring it. It's not head-in-sand syndrome.
Rather seeking other ways of solving a problem and calming the immediate situation.
edit: so let's say you're an average person during that time. You're walking back to your village and someone robs you with a knife. You could pull out your knife and get into a knife fight that might kill you, him or both of you. Jesus is saying instead diffuse the situation and deal with it later.
If you like this, you might also like another book from 1825 called "The Physiology of taste".
Link: https://books.google.com/books?id=djEEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
It's sort of blend of philosophy and food... a series of meditations on not just matters of cooking and eating, but also sleep, dreams, exhaustion, and even death, which the author defines as the "complete interruption of sensual relations" He was like an early foodie!
One little thing I found interesting is how similar the recipe for cheese fondue between both texts:
> The Cook Book > Place five or six eggs in a saucepan, mix in a third of their weight of grated Parmesan cheese, and half this quantity of butter, and stir well over a slack fire until the eggs are set. Pour the mixture into a dish, and serve very hot. Slices of toast should go with this.
vs.
> The Physiology of Taste > Calculate the number of eggs in proportion to the guests. Take one-third of the weight of Gruyere and one-sixth of the weight of butter. Beat the eggs and mingle them with the butter and cheese in a casserole. Put the kettle on a hot fire and stir it until the mixture is perfect. Put in more or less salt in proportion as the cheese is old or new. Serve it hot, with good wine, of which one should drink much. The feast will see sights.
The latter text also has gems such as this:
> All the guests looked at each other with a perceptible smile on every face. A bishop from Paris, however, must know how to eat. On the next day there was a great deal of gossip, and people that met at the corners, said “Well did you see how our bishop ate his fondue? I heard from a person who was present that he used a spoon!” The bishop had some followers, innovators who preferred the spoon, but the majority preferred the fork, and an old grand-uncle of mine used to laugh as if he would die, as he told how M. de Madot ate fondue with a spoon.
Minimum wage was first set in the UK in 1604.
That's 3 years after the first taxpayer-funded welfare system in 1601.
It came over to America with the Pilgrims on the Mayflower.
And if you want to understand why and where the minimum wage and welfare came from, you can read The Great Transformation.
Short story:
Capitalism displaces feudalism by privatizing all land and fencing it off.
Peasants can no longer subsistence farm on the commons.
Private land is used as collateral to raise capital for factories.
Peasants flock to cities for factory work.
There is not enough work for peasants, so they linger about town unemployed.
Minimum wage and taxpayer-funded welfare arise as a response.
It's pretty simple. Private property kicks peasants off the land. They can no longer subsistence farm. They must become wage laborers. There is never enough labor. Wages are depressed. Surplus labor needs to survive. Minimum wage and welfare arise as a response.
You can't have capitalism without them.
It's literally what separates capitalism from feudalism.
And just to add some more salt.
The real-life Kisaragi didn't get sunk by some fancy 1000-lb AP bombs dropped from a naval bomber.
Nope.
TL;DR Ur waifu got owned by a sparkler.
No, what he is mistaking for teeth are actually what we geologists call hackle fringe fracture pattern.
I'd never heard the word nominal used in that way, so I googled it.
Turns out the word nominal has a bunch of different definitions, but even more interesting is the fact that it saw a steady rise in popularity from the 50's to the 80's, a sharp peak in 1987, and has been declining in use ever since.
Anyone have any theories on this trend?
Probably because it has become fossilized in the phrase "a merry Christmas and a happy New Year", which goes back at least as far as 1740 (Wikipedia claims that the carol We Wish you a Merry Christmas goes back to the sixteenth century, but I see no hard evidence for that claim).
By the way, in England "happy Christmas" is at least as popular as "merry Christmas".
He was pretty outspoken about being a secular humanist. When some readers started giving that as the reason they were canceling their subscriptions to Asimov's Science Fiction magazine, he worried it might become enough to take the magazine down, but it never came close.
"Aka" (also occasionally written "AKA" or "a.k.a") simply stands for "also known as." The word "eke" predates common use of "also known as" by several hundred years.
During the Cold War, the fear of an "atomic Pearl Harbor" was recurrent phrase used by US policymakers to describe an unexpected, undeclared Soviet sneak attack that might try to decapitate the US policy structure or the US military structure. (When the favored terminology shifted from "atomic" to "nuclear" in the late 1950s, the "Pearl Harbor" term shifted too.)
So there's a sort of connection there — it became more than the event itself, it became a symbol of vulnerability, surprise attacks, of "expecting the unexpected," and etc.
But did Pearl Harbor qua Pearl Harbor have the kind of cultural resonance that 9/11 did? After WWII, I'm not so sure. The end of WWII provided so many other cultural resonances — the power of the Soviets, the power of the atomic bomb, the power of the long-range bomber, etc. — whose influence vastly overshadows the actual events of Pearl Harbor. It seems to me that the invocation of Pearl Harbor in the postwar/Cold War is in reference to these events — e.g. the "atomic Pearl Harbor" where the atomic bomb is really the subject, and Pearl Harbor is just the way to say "it could happen."
A single oxycodone 5mg capsule, would cost the NHS about 20p (30 cents) according to the British National Formulary.
For Americans the BNF is the prescribers/pharmacists/healthcare professionals reference publication in the UK, produced by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society and the British Medical Association. It's published twice a year, this google books one is from 2013.
According to several sources, the indentation is added to the container for the purpose of internal volume control.
Sources:
A. https://www.google.com/patents/US20120241405 > Containers of either configuration may be formed with one or more volume control inserts 32 molded into one or more sides of the container to adjust the total internal volume of the container 10.
It's pretty much been figured out and I already posted it, but to be exact and for anyone Googling, it's a Royal Gun Factory:
Firing Key, Mark III / Firing Pistol, Mark III / Pistol Grip, B.L. and Q.F., Carriages, Mark III / Gear, Electric, Firing, Pistol Grip, Mark III.
Source and explanation: https://books.google.com/books?id=DTU8AQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA128&ots=-QNCaXSa2P&dq=%22firing%20key%22&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q=%22firing%20key%22&f=false
It's also in the right place to be a Hasidic gang (from white flight in the 1950s up to the recent gentrification, Hasidic Jews were the main group of white people in Crown Heights and the name means "Sons of Zaken" in Hebrew), but I can't find any more information on them.
Edit: Found more information on them. They are unfortunately not Hasidic Jews, though that would have been hysterical. From Michael Muhammad Knight's The Five Percenters: Islam, Hip-hop and the Gods of New York (Google books link):
>In 1974, police estimated that roughly 2,500 Brooklyn youths were participating in a sophisticated extortion ring. Some local businesses worked openly with the gangs; Tony's Theater on Sutter Avenue printed cards that entitled any Tomahawk to free admission. In the summer of 1972, members of the Black Hebrew movement B'nai Zaken (Sons of Ancient Israelites) formed a Brooklyn version of the Family, uniting fifteen gangs and five thousand youths under their control with aims to teach the Torah and self-defense. According to police, B'nai Zaken supplied guns to Tomahawks and Outlaws for a cut of the money they made extorting local stores. Gang members who could not obtain real guns made homemade "zip-guns" that were crafted from ballpoint pens and could shoot .22 caliber bullets.
So, not Hasidic Jews, but Black Hebrew Israelites. Still, they do have strong business acumen (incorporating, organizing the other gangs, acting as merchant middle men) and a clear love of Torah (and self-defense). Maybe the Black Hebrew Israelites are more Jewish than I've been giving them credit for...
See the original here.
In the same edition, there's an ad eat some sugar all day when you're hungry instead of actual food TO STAY SLIM. That's seriously awesome logic.
There's surprisingly little info on the net about the toxicity of crocodile bile. The vast majority of search results are about this news story. Anyone have any info on this? I'm curious, didn't know this was a thing.
EDIT: I looked a bit further, I found one source that says that in certain areas of Tanzania and Mozambique, it is widely believed that crocodile bile is highly poisonous.
> Thus, in several African countries, it is added to beer or porridge of an unsuspecting person, the victim is supposed to die within 24 hours. Recent investigations in Zimbabwe showed no signs of toxicity in mice and monkeys which were given solutions orally with bile material.
So I guess it's a thing, but the science is certainly lacking. The story may very well be fake or exaggerated, but as of right now, it's been picked up by just about ever major news source out there.
This seems culturally appropriative to me. You're using the stereotype of the "mystical" Native American medicine man, exaggerating the drug use. I saw your post above and I understand what you are saying about everyone's "medicine man" but they way you use it on the shirt seems somewhat disrespectful to Native American culture.
I the work itself is amazing. You definitely made it your own with the psychedelic elements and I love the pattern work. I just question some of the content.
Relevant links:
Book on cultural appropriation in psychedelic imagry
I also linked this before but it doesn't really make sense here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_shaman
The Grand Marshall of the NYC St. Patrick's day parade have historically been militant IRA supporters.
One of the former Grand Marshalls of it was one of the ringleaders of the main US-Ireland gunrunning from the late 60s to 1980 (they brought over all the armalites). Him and all of his co-defendants walked free after a FBI sting that caught them skimming money from NORAID and caught them red handed with hundreds of guns, rounds of ammo, and grenades. FBI called it "Operation Bushmills". They claimed they were working with the blessing of the CIA, when the CIA was asked to verify this claim by the trial judge the CIA stated that they could not confirm or deny anything the judge asked.
USA was polishing, USA holds. After the Civil War the United States became singular as seen here
Try another word instead, "drunkard". That one goes to Middle English, 500 years ago, from Middle German.
Got a source on that? I'm genuinely curious. I remember a lecture on Dr. Money and his theories in college, but I don't remember any of that.
Edit: Did some of my own research. You are wrong on "gender identity", and somewhat right on "gender role".
The term “gender identity” was coined in the 1960’s by Hooker and Stoller, who defined it as “ a young child’s developing a fundamental sense of belonging to one sex, and not the other” . Source
It seems that some sources do agree that John Money coined the term "gender role". However, he was hardly the first person to discuss the concept. Wiki Article on "Gender Role" for more context.
John Money's behavior during his "research" was abhorrent, but I would hate for anyone to disregard concepts like gender role and gender identity because they are associated with him.
i'm not sure about the historic origins but your pretty much correct on this point. Essentially waving the white flag needs to be accompanied by an envoy for negotiations as a white flag either denotes surrender or simply a wish to parley (according to Hague convention in 1899). The white flag is a flag of truce intended to stop hostilities enough that an envoy can reach the opposing side/communicate with the other side and discuss terms (which may or may not involve surrender).
On your "no point was it a direct sign for surrender" idea: in a siege waving a white flag before the start of an assault especially if terms had already been given the white flag was at the very least an implicit declaration of surrender
It appears that the "Playpen" was designed for retirees rather than current workers.
edit: Seriously. Anyone who spends a moment looking at the source for the word frequencies realizes that this is a side-effect of modern OCR on older typographic standards.
This might as well say "The archaic word 'ftick' seems to have fallen out of use Since 1820." It's not like people in Georgian times were busily writing the scripts for modern crime dramas.
Advice on Reddit is not a substitute for advice from a lawyer. Canada has the same legal principle of in loco parentis as is found in the US. This means that a school official is expected to take on the role of parent for students at the school, and so a teacher or principal is not the same as a police officer. They do represent the state, but not in the same legal capacity.
I recommend that you read chapter two of this book: Making Sense of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: A Handbook for Administrators and Teachers. The reality is that this is an area of legal gray area for your principal. Your principal has a duty to protect the female student in question from harassment. You have your rights that must be respected, but it is not as cut-and-dry as other responders are making it seem.
The key quote is on the bottom of page 9. Basically, if your principal has a good reason to suspect that you have engaged in "illegal and inappropriate activities" related to school, especially if another student has been harmed or put in danger, she can search the phone (and may even have a legal obligation to do so). If you feel the search was not legal, you can seek legal recourse under Section 8 of the Charter.
It's a racial slur against black people. According to William Safire (who credits Clarence Major for the explanation), it's derived from a Bantu word meaning "slavish" (in the sense of being a slave, not a Slav). It's also often abbreviated as "jig".
It's in the news because an anchor at the Fox News affiliate in Cleveland, OH said on the air that Lady Gaga plays "jigaboo music" (in a conversation with a black co-host, no less), and there was some understandable blowback from viewers. She claims that she didn't understand what it actually meant. Link.
It was a Russian reactor (got that wrong). Here is the link though: From Raid on the Sun (rest of the book is great BTW):
I think it has something to do with the danger of the job being performed. Pretty sure they let the older ants do the more dangerous jobs, but I don't have the source where I think I remember getting that information from, lol. I'll take a look around and hopefully find it for you.
Edit: Here's some confirmation of this hypothesis in the book "Secret Lives of Ants" by Jae Choe.
You might find this book interesting, especially the section on "Wives and Crusading: The 'Canonical Quandry'."
According to Hodgson, "the fact that crusaders needed constant reminders about their behaviour suggests that adultery was a genuine problem." But angering wives wasn't the center focus. Angering God was. Prostitutes (& wives) were occasionally thrown out of the military camps in order to soften God's wrath (138).
Some other interesting points Hodgson brings up:
The wives' potentially infidelity was the focus of discussion during the Crusades, with the husbands unable to fulfill their marital roles came the fear women would commit adultery. Also, wives not wanting their husbands to join the crusades was seen as a serious problem, and sermons/speeches encouraged men to leave behind "the alluring affection of wives" for the greater religious good. According to Guibert of Nogent: "the most beautiful wives were reviled like something corrupt, and formerly more valued than any jewel." William of Newburgh "blamed the failure of the Second Crusade on a large presence of women" (Louis VII was supposedly bewitched by a woman's beauty & couldn't leave her behind).
So seeing prostitutes was seen as bad by the people who wrote stuff down (elite white men). Even having sex with your wife (unless she encouraged you join the Crusades by doing so) was even seen as bad at some junctures.
This is commonly known as "the room where the baker sleeps" and happens when trapped gasses do not escape during baking. The oven spring effect creates more gas in the bread right when you put it in the oven (the heat excites the yeast right before they die). If you do not score the loaf properly, the gas will not escape, and may either burst out the sides or create a cavern like you have here.
Next time make a couple of slashes across the top of the loaf before baking.
Not a heck of a lot different, probably, mostly different lexical items and word choice (see /u/AgLost's link to Anglish, perhaps). French influence on English was rather superficial in the sense that most borrowing was of "wholesale" lexical items without any morphological (or phonological, syntactic) influence. You might be interested in checking out this corpus study. Most quantitative studies show that Norman influence has been overstated.
The other issue, of course, is that we can't always prove what change was or wasn't a direct or indirect result of contact with French. It's a bit silly that people are linking you to Old English, for example - English would have changed drastically in that amount of time with or without French influence.
The Wikipedia article cited by the OP states: After a long recuperation, Glass set out to track down and avenge himself against Bridger and Fitzgerald. When he found Bridger, on the Yellowstone near the mouth of the Bighorn River, Glass spared him, purportedly because of Bridger's youth. When he found Fitzgerald, he discovered that Fitzgerald had joined the United States Army, Glass purportedly restrained himself because the consequence of killing a U.S. soldier was death. However, he did recover his lost rifle. The book by John Myers Myers listed in the "Further Reading" is an enjoyable read. I can't cut and paste it here but pages 184 and 185 cover the final recovery of his rifle well. Go to page 185 and then up one page: https://books.google.com/books?id=kvtHn5R3SeIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=hugh+glass&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Pm4RVf3uIeOHsQS67oDABg&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=rifle&f=false
There is a very easy answer to the question re: de Beauvoir and Radio Vichy, which is that Sartre (and likely the French Resistance hierarchy) knew about it entirely, and probably all had a laugh at how they pulled a fast one right under the noses of Petain and Hitler.
It must always be remembered that the Resistance was a clandestine army (and largely an extension of Allied intelligence), and in order to maintain its clandestine nature it had to allow for a certain illusion that nothing was amiss.
Nevertheless, there were formal decisions about what was allowed in order to keep up appearances and what was outright cooperation --the same as undercover cops are formally allowed to do certain crimes (say, consume drugs) but not others (like murder) for the sake of infiltration.
For intellectuals and artists, the line in radio was actually quite simple: it was considered outright cooperation to work with the German-controlled Radio Paris (which produced outright propaganda). It was considered acceptable to work with Radio Vichy, which was not under formal German control and which produced entertainment.
Simone de Beauvoir was not producing propaganda for the Nazis. According to all records, she was on a program that aired French medieval literature and practically all of her scripts were thinly disguised propagnda for the Resistance by choosing books about French outlaws and Robin Hood type figures.
Source: Edith Thomas, "A Passion for the Resistance"
If you search for British English you see that this is still the regular spelling.
The German wartime propaganda employed the term «Flintenweib». «Flinte» is the term for an outmoded gun and «Weib» is the derogatory term for a cantankerous woman. English cognates: «flintlock wife». Rough translation: «shotgun bitch». According to the dictionary of war that term was in use since 1918 in rightwing literature. According to ngrams it indeed appeared in 1918 and entered common parlance during the civil war in Spain.
>"It is known that behind the red lines there were Flintenweiber who stopped the routed men in the case of a panic and when their flight was unstoppable, they had to shoot in into their own people. These Flintenweiber were cruel furies, as they could have only been a product of Bolshevism. If compassion could be roused in the hearts of Red Guards at the sight of the suffering of innocent people, these Weiber were utterly brutalized and devoid of human emotion."
>Cordt v. Brandt, Baltikumer. Schicksal eines Freikorps, Berlin 1939. The German text is available if you click on "term" above.
During the war in the USSR the German propaganda would also paint the «Flintenweiber» as part-time whores. In 1944 there was a directive to treat them as «political» prisoners rather than prisoners of war which means, in accordance to the «Komissarenbefehl» of 1941, that they had to be shot.
edit: mopping up bad grammar
This is a folk etymology, afaik - can you give a reliable source on this?
The earliest use from OED 1811, which predates your story. Keeping in mind that words, especially slang, are unlikely to appear in text from that long ago until they've been around for a while, your version is pretty obviously just wrong. Stories as convenient and precise as this are rarely true, and should be taken with a huge grain of salt.
Mustafa Kemal and Kemalist forces also had a huge part in the Greek Genocide of 1914-1923. 750,000-900,000 Anatolian Greeks were slaughtered at the hands of Turks. Eventually, both sides agreed to a massive ejection and de jure denaturalization of 1.5 million orthodox Greeks in Turkey and 350,000 Muslims in Greece
Edit: also culpable in Armenian Genocide
Edit2: also also Assyrian Genocide
Credit to /u/philanthrosaurus
Erm, no:
Publications using the term in the 1960s and 1970s:
Some samples:
1957: The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, Issue 13
> And then suppose you were to get a good droid mechanic to convert them
1976: The Colorado Engineer, Volumes 73-79:
> Back in 1969, Quazar Industries, Inc. of New Jersey was the "parent" of Klatu, a full- sized working droid, and began leasing it to various corporations as an attention-getter. This droid has over thirty-one brother and sister droids being used to ...
I don't think we can classify this thing as a whale anymore. Source: https://books.google.com/books?id=R3vobaW6FywC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=average+body+fat+for+blue+whale&source=bl&ots=HycblsPmLJ&sig=XeMw8poIzbvWFsCnkCOnx8KeVAk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0McjVci8O4GTsAXYrYGQDA&ved=0CDUQ6AEwCA
According to this the average body fat of a blue whale is 12%. Which is crazy low if you consider just how massive it is. Average humans are 20-30%. But this land creature is above 50% so she's her own species! Fucking fatshits.
Chemical Engineering german double major here. (my german isn't that great, but i can read enough science)
Sorry, both the news article and the scientific article is seriously lacking in scientific rigor. The article you showed is not peer reviewed.
Here is a study that suggests that pasteurized milk promotes allergies, because it promotes aggregated lactoglobulin absorption: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01673.x/full
However, there are other studies that suggests aggregated lactoglobulins are less capable of inducing an immune reaction and thus heating milk would decrease the reaction of the immune system. https://books.google.com/books?id=eFsXw6u7ZswC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=Peyer%27s+patches+pasteurized+milk&source=bl&ots=K9-8eKlith&sig=wxg_54UQqp9XVpixpnmxchbXDOg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LXwgVc7QItXroATdooCoDg&ved=0CDwQ...
The current scientific consensus is that pasteurized and homogenized milk does not affect milk allergies. http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/consumers/ucm079516.htm
J. Maarten Troost describes this procedure in his book "Lost On Planet China". A link to relevant text below:
At this link is a graphic description of the Chinese version of castration.
That is correct. Our weapons are designed to kill. Evidence has shown that 5.56 x 45 mm rounds are effective at short to medium ranges, for which they were designed. Shots that wound but do not kill are the result of shot placement rather than an intentional design aspect of the bullet or weapon. To quote this article (pdf download):
"Shot placement trumps all other variables"
(Pg 7, pt 2)
Also according to this book:
"Military doctrine has never been simply to wound the enemy, and a wounded enemy might still be able to fight back. Granted, there are instances when the enemy attempts to wound soldiers and use them as bait to fire on rescuers, but such incidents are simply taking advantage of the situation. Weapon developers do not design firearms with the aim of only wounding the enemy."
(Middle of the first paragraph.)
Allow me to help with some minor research:
El Dorado, the Golden one, was in reference to the mass amounts of gold worn by the chief of the Muisca tribe of Colombia. Through rumors and hear-say, the man became a city, city became a kingdom, kingdom became an empire and the empire became a legend. The Muisca believe in the Sun-God Sue and some others, but none in the form of an armadillo.
The Munduruku people of Brazil have a creation story involving the armadillo Daiiru who help their creation God in the beginning. They don't have a lot of cases involved with large amounts of gold.
Finally, Cortes in the movie is likely Hernán Cortés, conqueror. He was not quoted as affecting the Muisca or the Munduruku, but felling the Aztec empire. As far as I have snooped, they have no deities that are armadillo oriented.
This has just been during my lunch hour on my iPhone, so there could be something deeper there.
Sources: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s https://books.google.com/books?id=9I62BcuPxfYC&pg=PA196&lpg=PA197&ots=4XMwQle1iQ&focus=viewport&dq=muisca+armadillo&output=html_text http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Dorado
Ridiculous. Controversial or "unproven" topics are absolutely fair game for research essays. It appears the teacher was grasping for an excuse to cover for his or her anti-science beliefs.
Since it's an English class and the teacher isn't overtly promoting religion, I doubt there's any official recourse. English teachers are within their rights to make topics off-limits; abortion and the death penalty were banned in the public speaking class I took, for example, just because the teacher was sick of hearing about them.
Which isn't to say you and your classmates have no way to voice your dissent. Pro-science stickers and t-shirts express your support for scientific skepticism. And they won't get you beat up if a) you're a girl, b) you're already shaving and lift weights, or c) you get an enthusiastic "I know which two common household chemicals explode when combined" grin on your face whenever someone talks about science.
No points for guessing which of those three I was.
Another idea: If your classmate is willing to risk it, he or she can sneak evolution into the paper by declaring a topic on anything related to modern biology. Forensic DNA analysis. GMOs. Vaccines. Modern biology is evolutionary biology, so evolution is guaranteed to come up somewhere in the paper.
a) Skinny shaming is irrelevant to fat acceptance. It kind of invalidates your point when you resort to the same kind of abuse.
b) Skinny shaming has been going on a lot more and longer than you seem to realize, there's just far less stigma attached to it. Look at the 90s when the media made it a fad to shame anorexia and bulimia, and anyone naturally slender got thrown in the same boat.
So, at the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939 Pius XII sent a congratulatory message to Franco (I am not all that fond of the blog that hosts this document, but it is the best english translation online that I have found). Most histories of the war do mention this, and they often quote from the first paragraph. But that's about all they mention about this document.
My question to you: is there any interest in me doing a writeup regarding how some of the big authors in the subject (Preston, Thomas, Beevor) seem to miss the entirety of the message that Pius XII was sending? It's not quite "bad history" as much as "incomplete interpretation/blind spots," but it's a bit above the level of mere nit picking. It would necessarily be long--the speech itself nearly hits the character limit and I would want to go paragraph by paragraph to explain my argument. I would also have to include portions of other documents to illustrate my point, and include a fairly lengthy section on how neither I nor the Catholic Church as a whole were/are supporters of the Generalissimo.
Would anyone really want to read a 3 (or more) part explaining why the first sentence of this paragraph isn't quite as nuanced as it could be?
There is one important prerequisite for cheese: domesticated dairy animals. So /u/Hinmatoowyalahtqit is asking the right question here. Our only good candidate for dairy production in the Americas is the llama. In the modern Andes, llama milk is consumed, but not at a level worth mentioning. Camelids have rather small mammary organs and have not been bred as dairy animals.
There's no archaeological evidence for the practice that I know of, but we do see two historical documents mentioning llama milk.
- Bishop Vincente de Valverde wrote in a 1553 letter that folks in Cuzco were selling: >lana de ovejas de aca; queso y leche; algodon, pescado seco, quando se toma; cantidad en las pesquerias; coca... >Llama wool; cheese and milk; cotton, weighed dry; stuff from the fish markets; coca leaves...
His is an isolated mention, and if you read Spanish you can see that the colonists had to make up a few phrases for new encounters. Here Valverde calls llamas ovejas de aca, "the sheep from here." Najera in the next reference calls them ovejas de tierra, "Ground Sheep." There's some questions over whether Valverde did mean what we know as queso and leche today.
- Alonso González de Nájera mentions that los indios consumed llama milk in his ~1605 book. However, he points out that they do it especialmente en tiempo de hambre, "especially in times of hunger," and that they can get no less milk from a llama than they can blood from a ram's head without doing it harm (read: not much).
And that's about it. Valverde does not specify that it is leche de llama, and Najera writes too far after conquest to assume it happened before. We cannot say that it never happened, but it's not worth bringing up in any discussion of pre-Columbian diet.
It seems like humans can experience empathy for all sorts of things. Perhaps as a consequence of our social behavior, we imbue even inanimate objects with emotional importance.
This book seems like a great start, looking at historical pet keeping (for hunting, etc.), and focusing on the relationships people develop with their pets across cultures:
It looks like the whole thing is available, so have at it!
Everyone needs to take a look at this google ngram search, which puts words used in literature in perspective.
"Isolationism" and "isolationist" were just never used, until there was a tiny trickel in the 1920 leading up to an explosion post 1940. It follows the ussage tragectory of almost any other polically loaded term I searched for. It's a invented word used to politically justify the massive interventionism we've used ever since the end of World War II.
From what I've found, this demonstrates an outdated method of correcting prostate enlargement. Its sort of a long read to get to the information, but here you go. https://books.google.com/books?id=NOQRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA451&lpg=PA451&dq=faille+lateralis+anus&source=bl&ots=LhOhnU-RdC&sig=LQreBq1pJy8x8VI8oqWlB-kfyrY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=sbcFVb3MDdbaoASokoFo&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAg
Had to google this... it's a widespread belief that it's super-poisonous:
Lab tests say no. However, someone clarified that it was supposed to be mixed with 2 plant roots to make a poison. It's said yes it was poisonous, but with hardly any attempt to justify that. I mean when a lab does science you usually get chemical names and stuff.
I'd recommend searching through this book: Max Paul Friedman, Nazis and Good Neighbors: The United States Campaign Against the Germans of Latin America in World War II (2003), which discusses Panama at length.
Former materials science grad student here. I'm not sure that "high temperature performance" means the same thing in composites as it does in engine alloys.
High temperature super-alloys withstand proximity to fuel burning at temperatures up to 2000C and have melting points around 1300C, according to the same source.
Although carbon structures such as graphite don't melt until 3000+C, they would rapidly oxidize and form co2. Oxidization occurs in normal engine alloys as well, but it is exploited to form a protective scale layer, described here
Added to that, another key property of engine alloys is "creep resistance" and I'm not sure what creep properties of carbon are like.
Edit: I know there are policies in this subreddit about top level comments coming from flared posters, but I hope I have included enough sources to avoid deletion.